Portal hypertension epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of portal hypertension is approximately 25,000 cases per 100,000 individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of cirrhosis, as the main cause of portal hypertension, is approximately 270 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. The age-adjusted mortality rate of cirrhosis is approximately 18.1 deaths per 100,000 population, based on the report of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). The incidence of portal hypertension increases in early 4th decade in females and early 3rd decade in males. Cirrhosis usually affects individuals of the non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans more likely. For unknown reason, portal hypertension is more prevalent among people of low socioeconomic state.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of portal hypertension is approximately 25,000 cases per 100,000 individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).[1]
- The incidence of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension is approximately 15,000 cases per 100,000 individuals with portal hypertension.[2]
- The incidence of idiopathic portal hypertension is approximately 23,000 cases per 100,000 individuals with portal hypertension.[3]
- In western countries, the incidence of idiopathic portal hypertension is approximately 2,000-3,000 cases per 100,000 individuals with portal hypertension.[4]
- The incidence of idiopathic portal hypertension is approximately 14,000-27,000 cases per 100,000 individuals with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.[5]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of cirrhosis, as the main cause of portal hypertension, is approximately 270 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[6]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The age-adjusted mortality rate of cirrhosis is approximately 18.1 deaths per 100,000 population, based on the report of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).[7]
- Mortality rates for white males, black males, white females, and black females declined by 43.2, 70.1, 40.2, and 76.5 percent, respectively.[7]
Age
- The incidence of portal hypertension increases in early 4th decade in females and early 3rd decade in males.[2]
- Idiopathic portal hypertension commonly affects individuals between 43-56 years old.[8]
- Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension commonly affects individuals between 25-35 years old.[8]
Race
- Cirrhosis usually affects individuals of the non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans more likely.[6]
- Mortality rates for white males, black males, white females, and black females declined by 43.2, 70.1, 40.2, and 76.5 percent, respectively.[7]
Gender
- Males are more commonly affected by idiopathic portal hypertension than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.[8]
- Females are more commonly affected by non-cirrhotic portal hypertension than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 3 to 1.[8]
Developed Countries and Developing Countries
- For unknown reason, portal hypertension is more prevalent among people of low socioeconomic state.[9]
- The prevalence of the portal hypertension is decreased over the years in Japan, maybe because of hygiene and health improvement.[10]
References
- ↑ Mendes FD, Suzuki A, Sanderson SO, Lindor KD, Angulo P (2012). "Prevalence and indicators of portal hypertension in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 10 (9): 1028–33.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.05.008. PMC 3424335. PMID 22610002.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dhiman RK, Chawla Y, Vasishta RK, Kakkar N, Dilawari JB, Trehan MS, Puri P, Mitra SK, Suri S (2002). "Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (idiopathic portal hypertension): experience with 151 patients and a review of the literature". J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17 (1): 6–16. PMID 11895549.
- ↑ Sarin SK, Kumar A, Chawla YK, Baijal SS, Dhiman RK, Jafri W, Lesmana LA, Guha Mazumder D, Omata M, Qureshi H, Raza RM, Sahni P, Sakhuja P, Salih M, Santra A, Sharma BC, Sharma P, Shiha G, Sollano J (2007). "Noncirrhotic portal fibrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension: APASL recommendations for diagnosis and treatment". Hepatol Int. 1 (3): 398–413. doi:10.1007/s12072-007-9010-9. PMC 2716836. PMID 19669336.
- ↑ Iber FL (1969). "Obliterative portal venopathy of the liver and "idiopathic portal hypertension"". Ann. Intern. Med. 71 (3): 660–1. PMID 5809690.
- ↑ Mahamid J, Miselevich I, Attias D, Laor R, Zuckerman E, Shaoul R (2005). "Nodular regenerative hyperplasia associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a young girl: a case report and review of the literature". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 41 (2): 251–5. PMID 16056109.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G, Shoham D, Durazo R, Luke A, Volk ML (2015). "The Epidemiology of Cirrhosis in the United States: A Population-based Study". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 49 (8): 690–6. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000208. PMID 25291348.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Surveillance Report #88".
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Sarin SK, Kapoor D (2002). "Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis: current concepts and management". J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17 (5): 526–34. PMID 12084024.
- ↑ Vakili C, Farahvash MJ, Bynum TE (1992). ""Endemic" idiopathic portal hypertension: report on 32 patients with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis". World J Surg. 16 (1): 118–24, discussion 124–5. PMID 1290252.
- ↑ Okuda K (2002). "Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension versus idiopathic portal hypertension". J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17 Suppl 3: S204–13. PMID 12472938.