Plummer-Vinson syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to increased iron demand, decreased intake and malabsorption syndromes.

Causes

The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to:

Common causes

Common causes of iron deficiency anemia associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome include conditions which lead to iron demand, decreased intake and malabsorption syndromes. These conditions are described below:[1]

  • Physiological conditions with increased iron requirements such as:
  • Conditions promoting blood loss leads to an increased demand of iron by the body. These include:
    • Menstruation
    • Gastrointestinal tract disorders such as:
    • Genitourinary tract disorders such as:
      • Glomerulonephritis
      • Renal calculi
      • Renal or bladder carcinoma
    • Hemoptysis (alveolar hemorrhage)
    • Nosocomial blood loss: phlebotomy for diagnostic tests in hospitalized patients
    • Following gastric or small bowel surgery: due to loss of gastric acidity, increased transit time for food, and decreased absorption of iron
  • Conditions leading to impaired iron absorption

Less common causes

References

  1. Novacek G (2006). "Plummer-Vinson syndrome". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 36. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-36. PMID 16978405.