Plummer-Vinson syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to increased iron demand, decreased intake and malabsorption syndromes.
Causes
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to:
Common causes
Common causes of iron deficiency anemia associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome include conditions which lead to iron demand, decreased intake and malabsorption syndromes. These conditions are described below:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Physiological conditions with increased iron requirements such as:
- Growth
- Pregnancy
- Frequent blood donation
- Conditions promoting blood loss leads to an increased demand of iron by the body. These include:
- Menstruation
- Gastrointestinal tract disorders such as:
- Genitourinary tract disorders such as:
- Hemoptysis (alveolar hemorrhage)
- Nosocomial blood loss; phlebotomy for diagnostic tests in hospitalized patients
- Following gastric or small bowel surgery: due to loss of gastric acidity, increased transit time for food, and decreased absorption of iron
- Conditions leading to impaired iron absorption
- Celiac disease
- Tropical sprue
- Gastric surgery
- Hypochlorhydria
- Taking too many antacids that contain calcium
- Whipple disease
- Kwashiorkor disease
- Alcoholism
Less common causes
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (recurrent hemorrhage)
- Intravascular hemolysis (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
- Iatrogenic causes such as frequent blood draws, particularly in hospitalized patients
- Inadequate diet in children (excessive consumption of whole cow's milk)
References
- ↑ Novacek G (2006). "Plummer-Vinson syndrome". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 36. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-36. PMID 16978405.
- ↑ Changela K, Haeri NS, Krishnaiah M, Reddy M (2016). "Plummer-Vinson Syndrome with Proximal Esophageal Web". J. Gastrointest. Surg. 20 (5): 1074–5. doi:10.1007/s11605-015-3051-5. PMID 26658794.
- ↑ Sugiura Y, Nakagawa M, Hashizume T, Nemoto E, Kaseda S (2015). "Iron Supplementation Improved Dysphagia Related to Plummer-Vinson Syndrome". Keio J Med. 64 (3): 48–50. doi:10.2302/kjm.2014-0011-CR. PMID 26411779.
- ↑ Masri O, Sharara AI (2013). "Plummer-Vinson syndrome". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11 (12): e85. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.012. PMID 23707464.
- ↑ Zimmer V, Buecker A, Lammert F (2009). "Sideropenic dysphagia". Gastroenterology. 137 (6): e1–2. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.051. PMID 19879220.