Emphysema historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [3]
Overview
The terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined at the CIBA guest symposium of physicians in 1959. Matthew Baillie illustrated an emphysematous lung in 1789 and described the destructive character of the condition.
Historical Perspective
- In 1679, Bonet for the first time described voluminous lungs.
- In 1721, Ruysh described enlarged lung airspaces in emphysema.
- In 1769, Giovanni Morgagni described nineteen cases in which the lungs were “turgid” particularly from air.
- In 1789, Matthew Baillie illustrated an emphysematous lung and described the destructive character of the condition.
- In 1837, René Laennec, the physician who invented the stethoscope, used the term "emphysema" in his book A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest and of Mediate Auscultation to describe lungs that did not collapse when he opened the chest during an autopsy. He noted that they did not collapse as usual because they were full of air and the airways were filled with mucus.[1]
- In 1842, John Hutchinson invented the spirometer, which allowed the measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs. However, his spirometer could only measure volume, not airflow.[2]
- In 1944, Ronald Christie defined the diagnosis for emphysema based on dyspnea on exertion, after exclusion of bronchospasm, or left ventricular failure.
- In 1947, Tiffeneau and Pinelli, and in 1950 and 1951, Gaensler described the principles of measuring airflow.
- in 1952, Gough explained the pathology of emphysema.
- In 1956, Barach and Bickerman described treatment for emphysema in their comprehensive textbook.
- In 1959, the terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined at the CIBA guest symposium of physicians.
- In 1962, American Thoracic Society Committee on Diagnostic Standards defined the components of COPD and this definition is the foundation of COPD description.
- In 1964, Gross produced destruction of alveoli and hyperinflation, by injection of pancreatic extracts (papain) into the airways of guinea pigs.
- In 1967, Reid described the pathology of emphysema and other components of COPD.
- In 1976, Thurlbeck’s book (1976) cites Jethro Gough and his first use of whole lung thin sections to illustrate the various types of emphysema.
- In 1980, a clinical trial performed and use of oxygen therapy for emphysema proved. [3]
- In 1998, Paggiaro, performed a multicentre clinical trial of corticosteroids for emphysema treatment.[4]
- In 2003, Choe used methylprednisolone to produce emphysema in rats. They conclude that systemic methylprednisolone increases the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in the lung and causes emphysema. [5]
- In 2004, GOLD offered a new classification of the severity of COPD. [6]
- In 2005, Voelkel and Taraseviciene-Stewart offered emphysema as an autoimmune vascular disease. [7]
| Year | Investigator | Landmark event |
|---|---|---|
| 1679 | Bonet | Described voluminous lungs |
| 1721 | Ruysh | |
| 1769 | Giovanni Morgagni | Described nineteen cases in which the lungs were “turgid” particularly from air |
| 1952 | Pauley | |
| 1958 | Bolt | |
| 1961 | Chears and Ashworth | |
| 1961 | Yardley and Hendrix | |
| 1991 | Wilson | Sequenced a 16S rRNA of a new bacterium partially and classified it within the Actinomycetes clade |
| 1992 | Relman | |
| 2000 | Raoult | |
| 2001 | La Scola | |
| 2003 | Bentley
Raoult |
References
- ↑ Petty TL (2006). "The history of COPD". Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 1 (1): 3–14. PMC 2706597. PMID 18046898.
- ↑ Fishman AP (2005). "One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171 (9): 941–8. doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1685OE. PMID 15849329. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group". Ann. Intern. Med. 93 (3): 391–8. 1980. PMID 6776858.
- ↑ Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J (1998). "Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International COPD Study Group". Lancet. 351 (9105): 773–80. PMID 9519948.
- ↑ Choe KH, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Scerbavicius R, Gera L, Tuder RM, Voelkel NF (2003). "Methylprednisolone causes matrix metalloproteinase-dependent emphysema in adult rats". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167 (11): 1516–21. doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1207OC. PMID 12522028.
- ↑ "Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD".
- ↑ Voelkel N, Taraseviciene-Stewart L (2005). "Emphysema: an autoimmune vascular disease?". Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2 (1): 23–5. doi:10.1513/pats.200405-033MS. PMID 16113465.