Immune checkpoint

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Monoclonal antibodies have been developed to target immune checkpoints.

PD-1 inhibitors

These antibodies target the Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1 Receptor). Programmed Cell Death Type I is also known as apoptosis. The PD-1 Receptor is "an inhibitory T-lymphocyte receptor that has specificity for CD274 antigen and Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein."

• Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
• Nivolumab (Opdivo)

PD-L1 inhibitors

• Atezolizumab (Tecentriq)
• Avelumab (Bavencio)
• Durvalumab (Imfinzi)

CTLA-4 blockade

The CTLA-4 Antigen is "an inhibitory T cell receptor that is closely related to CD28 antigen. It has specificity for CD80 antigen and CD86 antigen and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing peripheral tolerance."

• Ipilimumab (Yervoy)

See also

• Cell cycle checkpoint