Esophageal stricture historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers due to its aggressive behavior and poor survival. It was mentioned in the works of ancient Chinese and Arabo-islamic physicians, centuries before the recognition of high incidence in the Asian esophageal cancer belt. Till the 19th century the disease was considered incurable and the main goal of the proposed treatments was to alleviate dysphagia and pain. The introduction of esophagoscope in 1868 by Adolf Kussmaul (1822-1902) contributed to the observation of the living esophagus and to the diagnosis of esophageal pathologies, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches. In 1877, Vincenz Czerny (1842-1916) performed the first successful resection of the cervical esophagus for carcinoma, followed by Franz Torek (1861-1938) who carried out in 1913 the first successful subtotal thoracic esophagectomy and Tohru Ohsawa (1882-1984) who performed the world’s first esophagectomy with an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. Nowadays, despite the advent of biomedical technology and the development of operation techniques, the surgical treatment of esophagus still remains a challenge. Key words: gastrointestinal cancer, history of on[1]
Esophageal dilation has been performed for nearly 400 years. It was first described in the seventeenth century when a sponge was affixed to a piece of carved whalebone and used to dilate a patient with achalasia [2].Alexis Boyer performed the first bougienage (as it is performed today) in 1801 to dilate an upper esophageal stricture [3]. Since then, a number of materials have been utilized to construct bougies. The word “bougie” is derived from a town in Algeria (Boujiyah) that was a medieval center for wax candle trade; the original bougies were made[2]
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
- The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
- In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
Outbreaks
- There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- Esophageal dialtion was first done in the 17 century by a curved whalebone.[2]
- In 1801, the first bougienage was performed by Alexis Boyer [2]
- In 1868, esophagoscope was developed by Adolf Kussmaul to diagnose esophageal cancer as a one of the most causes of esophageal stricture.[1]
- In 1877, first resection of the cervical esophagus for carcinoma was performed by Vincenz Czerny.[1]
- In 1913, the first subtotal thoracic esophagectomy was performed by Franz Torek. [1]
- In 1913, the first esophagectomy with an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis was performed by Tohru Ohsawa. [1]
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
- The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Karamanou M, Markatos K, Papaioannou TG, Zografos G, Androutsos G (2017). "Hallmarks in history of esophageal carcinoma". J BUON. 22 (4): 1088–1091. PMID 28952239.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lew RJ, Kochman ML (2002). "A review of endoscopic methods of esophageal dilation". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 35 (2): 117–26. PMID 12172355.