Thalassemia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of thalassemia is about 300,000 to 400,000 per year.[1] [2]
- The incidence of beta-thalassemia is 42,000 per year.[3]
Prevalence
The prevalence of thalassemia in the world is 3%.[4] The estimated prevalence of thalassemias is 16% in people from Cyprus, 3-14% in Thailand, and 3-8% in populations from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia and China. There are also prevalences in descendants of people from Latin America, and Mediterranean countries (e.g. Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and others). A very low prevalence has been reported from people in Africa (0.9%), with those in northern Africa having the highest prevalence, and northern Europe (0.1%).(4)
Race
- The carrier rate of beta-thalassemia in Cyprus is estimated to be 12,000 to 15,000 per 100,000 persons.[5]
- The carrier rate of beta-thalassemia in Greece is estimated to be 7,400 per 100,000 persons.[5]
- The carrier rate of beta-thalassemia in Turkey is estimated to be 600 to 13,000 per 100,000 persons.[5]
- In Turkey, approximately 1.6 million people (of 80 million) have thalassemia trait.
- In Turkey, approximately 5,500 people are homozygous for thalassemia.
References
- ↑ Higgs DR (2013). "The molecular basis of α-thalassemia". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 3 (1): a011718. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011718. PMC 3530043. PMID 23284078.
- ↑ Negre O, Eggimann AV, Beuzard Y, Ribeil JA, Bourget P, Borwornpinyo S; et al. (2016). "Gene Therapy of the β-Hemoglobinopathies by Lentiviral Transfer of the β(A(T87Q))-Globin Gene". Hum Gene Ther. 27 (2): 148–65. doi:10.1089/hum.2016.007. PMC 4779296. PMID 26886832.
- ↑ Liaska A, Petrou P, Georgakopoulos CD, Diamanti R, Papaconstantinou D, Kanakis MG; et al. (2016). "β-Thalassemia and ocular implications: a systematic review". BMC Ophthalmol. 16: 102. doi:10.1186/s12886-016-0285-2. PMC 4938965. PMID 27390837.
- ↑ Waheed F, Fisher C, Awofeso A, Stanley D (2016). "Carrier screening for beta-thalassemia in the Maldives: perceptions of parents of affected children who did not take part in screening and its consequences". J Community Genet. 7 (3): 243–53. doi:10.1007/s12687-016-0273-5. PMC 4960032. PMID 27393346.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 De Sanctis V, Kattamis C, Canatan D, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Karimi M; et al. (2017). "β-Thalassemia Distribution in the Old World: an Ancient Disease Seen from a Historical Standpoint". Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 9 (1): e2017018. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2017.018. PMC 5333734. PMID 28293406.