Gallstone disease epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence and Prevalence
- The incidence/prevalence of Gallstone disease is approximately 60.2 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[1]
Age
- Patients of all age groups between 20 and 74 may develop Gallstone disease.[1]
Race
- Gallstone disease usually affects individuals of the Western Caucasian, Hispanic and Native American races. Eastern European, African American and Japanese individuals are less likely to develop Gallstone disease.[2][3][4][5]
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected by Gallstone disease than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 2.5 to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
In the United States, the age standardized prevalence of gallbladder disease was estimated based upon a sample of more than 14,000 persons aged 20 to 74 in whom gallbladder disease was detected by the presence of gallstones or cholecystectomy on ultrasonography [1]. The following prevalence rates were observed:
●8.6 and 16.6 percent among non-Hispanic white men and women, respectively ●8.9 and 26.7 percent among Mexican American men and women, respectively ●5.3 percent and 13.9 percent among non-Hispanic black men and women, respectively In other studies, Native Americans had the highest prevalence of cholelithiasis in North America. As an example, 73 percent of female Pima Indians over the age of 25 years have gallstones [8]. Similar high rates have been found in multiple other Native American populations [9,10,19].
As illustrated above, African Americans appear to have the lowest prevalence of cholelithiasis. Autopsy-based studies performed in the 1950s found that African Americans had one-half to one-quarter the risk of cholelithiasis compared with Caucasian Americans [15,16]; later reports have shown a 40 percent lower risk of hospitalization for gallstone related disease [17].
Large ultrasound-based studies from Europe have characterized both gallstone prevalence and incidence. As an example, the Multicenter Italian Study of Cholelithiasis (MICOL) examined nearly 33,000 subjects aged 30 to 69 years in 18 cohorts in 10 Italian regions [13]. The overall rate of gallstone disease was 18.8 percent in women and 9.5 percent in men [13].
Similar results were noted in the Sirmione study in which an overall prevalence rate of 11 percent in 1930 Italian subjects between the ages of 18 and 65 years was noted [14]. Ultrasound examinations were repeated on the same patients at five-year intervals. The 10-year cumulative incidence of new gallstones was 4.6 percent.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Everhart JE, Khare M, Hill M, Maurer KR (1999). "Prevalence and ethnic differences in gallbladder disease in the United States". Gastroenterology. 117 (3): 632–9. PMID 10464139.
- ↑ TORVIK A, HOIVIK B (1960). "Gallstones in an autopsy series. Incidence, complications, and correlations with carcinoma of the gallbladder". Acta Chir Scand. 120: 168–74. PMID 13777615.
- ↑ Zahor A, Sternby NH, Kagan A, Uemura K, Vanecek R, Vichert AM (1974). "Frequency of cholelithiasis in Prague and Malmö. An autopsy study". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 9 (1): 3–7. PMID 4453803.
- ↑ Brett M, Barker DJ (1976). "The world distribution of gallstones". Int J Epidemiol. 5 (4): 335–41. PMID 1010661.
- ↑ Lindström CG (1977). "Frequency of gallstone disease in a well-defined Swedish population. A prospective necropsy study in Malmö". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 12 (3): 341–6. PMID 866998.