Lactose intolerance diagnostic study of choice
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Lactose Intolerance Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Lactose intolerance diagnostic study of choice On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Overview
- The page name should be "Diagnostic study of choice for [disease name]", with only the first letter of the title capitalized. Note that the page is called "Diagnostic study of choice."
- Goal:
- To describe the most efficient/sensitive/specific test that is utilized for diagnosis of [disease name].
- To describe the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- To describe the diagnostic criteria, which may be based on clinical findings, physical exam signs, pathological findings, lab findings, findings on imaging, or even findings that exclude other diseases.
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- Remember to follow the same format and capitalization of letters as outlined in the template below.
- You should include the name of the disease in the first sentence of every subsection.
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Template statements
Gold standard/Study of choice:
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Lactose Intolerance Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Lactose intolerance diagnostic study of choice On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lactose intolerance diagnostic study of choice |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Lactose intolerance diagnostic study of choice |
) The incidence of lactose maldigestion is usually determined in adults by the administration in the fasting state of a 50-g dose of lactose in water, the equivalent of that in 1 L of milk.[1]
- Small bowel biopsy such as jujenal or deodenal biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance via investigation of lactase enzyme activity.[2]
- Low lactase activity in small bowel biopsy is confirmatory of lactose intolerance.
- Nowadays, small bowel biposy is rarely performed and it is substitued with noninvasive diagnostic tests such as lactose tolerance test and lactose breath hydrogen test.
- The [name of investigation] should be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1. 2, 3.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient.
- [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of investigation].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
- Lactose intolerance is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation, such as abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and lactose breath hydrogen test.
- Investigations:
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of lactose intolerance, the lactose breath hydrogen test is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of , the is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
The comparison table for diagnostic studies of choice for lactose intolerance[3][4][5]
| Sensitivity | Specificity | |
|---|---|---|
| Lactose breath hydrogen test | 88 | 85 |
| Genetic test for primary lactase deficiency | 88 | 90 |
| Endoscopic duodenal biopsy | 95 | 100 |
| Lactose tolearance test | 94 | 90 |
✔= The best test based on the feature
Diagnostic results
The following result of [investigation name] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
- Result 1
- Result 2
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies
The [name of investigation] should be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnostic Criteria
- Here you should describe the details of the diagnostic criteria.
- Always mention the name of the criteria/definition you are about to list (e.g. modified Duke criteria for diagnosis of endocarditis / 3rd universal definition of MI) and cite the primary source of where this criteria/definition is found.
- Although not necessary, it is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.
- Be very clear as to the number of criteria (or threshold) that needs to be met out of the total number of criteria.
- Distinguish criteria based on their nature (e.g. clinical criteria / pathological criteria/ imaging criteria) before discussing them in details.
- To view an example (endocarditis diagnostic criteria), click here
- If relevant, add additional information that might help the reader distinguish various criteria or the evolution of criteria (e.g. original criteria vs. modified criteria).
- You may also add information about the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria, the pre-test probability, and other figures that may help the reader understand how valuable the criteria are clinically.
- [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
- [Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:
- Criteria 1
- Criteria 2
- Criteria 3
IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria:
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
IF there are no established diagnostic criteria:
- There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
References
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- ↑ Scrimshaw NS, Murray EB (1988). "The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48 (4 Suppl): 1079–159. PMID 3140651.
- ↑ Mattar R, de Campos Mazo DF, Carrilho FJ (2012). "Lactose intolerance: diagnosis, genetic, and clinical factors". Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 5: 113–21. doi:10.2147/CEG.S32368. PMC 3401057. PMID 22826639.
- ↑ Kuokkanen M, Myllyniemi M, Vauhkonen M, Helske T, Kääriäinen I, Karesvuori S, Linnala A, Härkönen M, Järvelä I, Sipponen P (2006). "A biopsy-based quick test in the diagnosis of duodenal hypolactasia in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy". Endoscopy. 38 (7): 708–12. doi:10.1055/s-2006-925354. PMID 16761211.
- ↑ Marton A, Xue X, Szilagyi A (2012). "Meta-analysis: the diagnostic accuracy of lactose breath hydrogen or lactose tolerance tests for predicting the North European lactase polymorphism C/T-13910". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 35 (4): 429–40. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04962.x. PMID 22211845.
- ↑ Mattar R, de Campos Mazo DF, Carrilho FJ (2012). "Lactose intolerance: diagnosis, genetic, and clinical factors". Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 5: 113–21. doi:10.2147/CEG.S32368. PMC 3401057. PMID 22826639.