Stomach cancer causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
Overview
Stomach cancer causes
- Causes of stomach cancer depends on type of cancer:
Adenocarcinoma
- Adenocarcinomas are caused by genetic modulations due to chronic inflammation mainly by H. pylori bacteria.
- K-ras mutations oncogenes are found in invasive cancers and intestinal metaplasia.
- Hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-met oncogene is found in intestinal-type gastric cancers.
- Almost 50% of gastric cancers have alterations in genes TP53, TP73, APC, TFF, DCC, LOH, and FHIT.
- Inactivation of p53 in gastric epithelial cells reduce their ability to undergo apoptosis.
Diffuse gastric carcinoma
- Diffuse gastric carcinomas do not have a precancerous lesion. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) encodes a transmembrane cellular adhesion protein.
- Somatic mutations in the CDH1 gene by hypermethylation, mutation, and loss of heterozygosity are identified in 40 to 83 percent of sporadic diffuse-type gastric cancers.
- Prostate stem cell antigen gene is also involved in regulating gastric epithelial cell proliferation.
- Its cytoplasmic tail interacts with catenins making the adhesion.