Gallstone disease historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Humans have a long history with gallstones with the earliest recording being noted at least 7000 years ago. Autopsies performed on the earliest mummies in Egypt were discovered to have gallstones. Visualizing gallstones was made easier when plain x-ray film was developed in 1895, this was followed by the development of IV cholecystography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in 1924 and 1970 respectively. In 1980, medical dissolution therapy was introduced.
Historical Perspective
Gallstone disease has been noted as far back as when Egyptian pharaohs ruled. Autopsies performed on mummies found gallstones present within the body cavities.[1]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- From 1895 to 1924, plain film was developed to better detect radiopaque stones.[2]
- From 1924 to 1960, contrast media was introduced which inspired the invention of IV cholecystography.
- From then on, in 1970, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, scintigraphy, and sonography were invented.
- By 1980, the notion that gallbladder stones could be treated medically was introduced.
References
- ↑ Shaffer EA (2005). "Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: has the paradigm changed in the 21st century?". Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 7 (2): 132–40. PMID 15802102.
- ↑ Feld R, Kurtz AB, Zeman RK (1991). "Imaging the gallbladder: a historical perspective". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 156 (4): 737–40. doi:10.2214/ajr.156.4.2003437. PMID 2003437.