Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP4K5gene.[1][2][3]
This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, that is highly similar to yeast SPS1/STE20 kinase. Yeast SPS1/STE20 functions near the beginning of the MAP kinase signal cascades that is essential for yeast pheromone response. This kinase was shown to activate Jun kinase in mammalian cells, which suggested a role in stress response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene.[3]
↑Tung RM, Blenis J (March 1997). "A novel human SPS1/STE20 homologue, KHS, activates Jun N-terminal kinase". Oncogene. 14 (6): 653–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1200877. PMID9038372.
↑Schultz SJ, Nigg EA (February 1994). "Identification of 21 novel human protein kinases, including 3 members of a family related to the cell cycle regulator nimA of Aspergillus nidulans". Cell Growth Differ. 4 (10): 821–30. PMID8274451.
↑Shi, C S; Tuscano J; Kehrl J H (February 2000). "Adaptor proteins CRK and CRKL associate with the serine/threonine protein kinase GCKR promoting GCKR and SAPK activation". Blood. UNITED STATES. 95 (3): 776–82. ISSN0006-4971. PMID10648385.
↑Shi, C S; Leonardi A; Kyriakis J; Siebenlist U; Kehrl J H (September 1999). "TNF-mediated activation of the stress-activated protein kinase pathway: TNF receptor-associated factor 2 recruits and activates germinal center kinase related". J. Immunol. UNITED STATES. 163 (6): 3279–85. ISSN0022-1767. PMID10477597.
Further reading
Oehrl W, Kardinal C, Ruf S, et al. (1998). "The germinal center kinase (GCK)-related protein kinases HPK1 and KHS are candidates for highly selective signal transducers of Crk family adapter proteins". Oncogene. 17 (15): 1893–901. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202108. PMID9788432.
Shi CS, Tuscano JM, Witte ON, Kehrl JH (1999). "GCKR links the Bcr-Abl oncogene and Ras to the stress-activated protein kinase pathway". Blood. 93 (4): 1338–45. PMID9949177.
Shi CS, Leonardi A, Kyriakis J, et al. (1999). "TNF-mediated activation of the stress-activated protein kinase pathway: TNF receptor-associated factor 2 recruits and activates germinal center kinase related". J. Immunol. 163 (6): 3279–85. PMID10477597.
Shi CS, Tuscano J, Kehrl JH (2000). "Adaptor proteins CRK and CRKL associate with the serine/threonine protein kinase GCKR promoting GCKR and SAPK activation". Blood. 95 (3): 776–82. PMID10648385.
Shi CS, Kehrl JH (2003). "Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced germinal center kinase-related (GCKR) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activation depends upon the E2/E3 complex Ubc13-Uev1A/TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (17): 15429–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211796200. PMID12591926.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID14702039.
Gu Y, Luo T, Yang J, et al. (2006). "The -822G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the MAP4K5 gene is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese Hans from Shanghai". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (7): 605–10. doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0402-9. PMID16699725.
Wissing J, Jänsch L, Nimtz M, et al. (2007). "Proteomics analysis of protein kinases by target class-selective prefractionation and tandem mass spectrometry". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 6 (3): 537–47. doi:10.1074/mcp.T600062-MCP200. PMID17192257.