Anal fissure pathophysiology

	Anal fissure Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of anal fissure is not fully understood. It is thought that anal fissure is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

anal fissure arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to anal fissure usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Although constipation or anal trauma was supposed to instigate the fissure,the exact pathogenesis of anal fissure is not fully understood.^[2]
It is understood that anal fissure is the result of either anal trauma (by hard stools/diarrhea), perfusion defects with ischemia caused due to increased anal pressures and decreased blood flow or increased anal sphincter tone.

Associated Conditions

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of anal fissure.

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, the following are characteristic findings of anal fissure:
- Prescence of fibrosis at the base of the fissure when compared to normal internal anal sphincter.^[3]

References

↑ Source=http://www.surgwiki.com/wiki/File:Ch31-fig1.jpg
↑ Zaghiyan KN, Fleshner P (2011). "Anal fissure". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 24 (1): 22–30. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272820. PMC 3140330. PMID 22379402.
↑ Brown AC, Sumfest JM, Rozwadowski JV (1989). "Histopathology of the internal anal sphincter in chronic anal fissure". Dis. Colon Rectum. 32 (8): 680–3. PMID 2752854.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Source=http://www.surgwiki.com/wiki/File:Ch31-fig1.jpg

[pmid22379402-2] Zaghiyan KN, Fleshner P (2011). "Anal fissure". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 24 (1): 22–30. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272820. PMC 3140330. PMID 22379402.

[pmid2752854-3] Brown AC, Sumfest JM, Rozwadowski JV (1989). "Histopathology of the internal anal sphincter in chronic anal fissure". Dis. Colon Rectum. 32 (8): 680–3. PMID 2752854.

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