Hemoptysis pathophysiology

Hemoptysis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hemoptysis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-Ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Hemoptysis pathophysiology On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemoptysis pathophysiology All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Hemoptysis pathophysiology
CDC on Hemoptysis pathophysiology
Hemoptysis pathophysiology in the news
Blogs on Hemoptysis pathophysiology
Directions to Hospitals Treating Hemoptysis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hemoptysis pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Pathophysiology

Physiology

• Lung has two main vascular systems which are:
  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Bronchial vessels

Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013. By OpenStax College - Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013., CC BY 3.0,

This slide shows the arterial and venous blood circulation of the pulmonary system. By Artwork by Holly Fischer - http://open.umich.edu/education/med/resources/second-look-series/materials - Respiratory Tract Slide 20, CC BY 3.0,

Pathogenesis

• Hemoptysis is an important symptom that has different etiologies and pathogenesis mechanisms.
• Blood in the hemoptysis is mostly originated from the pulmonary vasculature. However, it could be from the gastrointestinal system as well.
• Hemoptysis could be happened following infarction and ischemia of pulmonary parenchyma. It is seen in following conditions:
  • Pulmonary emboli
  • Vasculitis including:
    • Wegener's granulomatosis
  • Infections including:
    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Aspergillus fumigatus
    • The phycomycetes
• Another mechanism of hemoptysis is vascular engorgement with erosion. It is seen in following conditions:

• • Acute infection such as
    • Viral bronchitis
    • Bacterial bronchitis
  • Chronic infection such as bronchiectasis
  • Toxic exposure such as cigarette smoke

Genetics

• [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].