Pneumothorax natural history
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of pneumothorax usually develop in any decade of life, and start with symptoms such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
- Uncomplicated pneumothorax usually resolve within 10 days.
- Recurrence occurs within 6 months.[1]
- If left untreated, patients with tension pneumothorax may progress to develop death.
Complications
- Common complications of pneumothorax include:[2]
- Recurrence
- Cardiovascular collapse
- Pneumomediastinum[3]
Prognosis
The prognosis of pneumothorax is as follows:[4]
- The prognosis varies with the cause of pneumothorax; primary spontaneous pneumothorax have the most favorable prognosis.[2]
- Primary spontaneous pneumothorax resolves within 10 days without treatment.
- Secondary pneumothorax is dependant on the underlying cause and can continue to reoccur.
- If tension pneumothorax is not recognized it will lead to death.
References
- ↑ Huang, Tsai-Wang; Lee, Shih-Chun; Cheng, Yeung-Leung; Tzao, Ching; Hsu, Hsian-He; Chang, Hung; Chen, Jen-Chih (2007). "Contralateral Recurrence of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax". Chest. 132 (4): 1146–1150. doi:10.1378/chest.06-2772. ISSN 0012-3692.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sharma, Anita; Jindal, Parul (2008). "Principles of diagnosis and management of traumatic pneumothorax". Journal of Emergencies, Trauma and Shock. 1 (1): 34. doi:10.4103/0974-2700.41789. ISSN 0974-2700.
- ↑ Rezende-Neto, J.B.; Hoffmann, J.; Al Mahroos, M.; Tien, H.; Hsee, L.C.; Spencer Netto, F.; Speers, V.; Rizoli, S.B. (2010). "Occult pneumomediastinum in blunt chest trauma: Clinical significance". Injury. 41 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2009.06.161. ISSN 0020-1383.
- ↑ Sahn, Steven A.; Heffner, John E. (2000). "Spontaneous Pneumothorax". New England Journal of Medicine. 342 (12): 868–874. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003233421207. ISSN 0028-4793.