Gallbladder cancer epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Around 80 t0 95% of biliary tract cancers are gallbladder cancers. Epidemiological research has recognized striking geographic and ethnic difference. An excessive incidence in American Indians and Southeast Asia, but pretty low in the America and the arena.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The countries with high incidence have high mortality rate because mortality rate relatively follows incidence.
- American Indian and Alaska Native people had the highest gallbladder cancer incidence.
Prevalence
- The prevalence of gallbladder cancer is approximately 21 per 100,000 cancer incidence and 75.8% gallstone prevalence in pima indian females.[1]
- The prevalence of gallbladder cancer is approximately 7.1 per 100,000 and 64.1% in North American Indian females.[2]
- The prevalence of gallbladder cancer is approximately 27.3 per 100,000 and 49.4% in Chilean Mapuche Indian females.[3]
- The prevalence of gallbladder cancer is approximately 22 per 100,000 and 21.6% in East Indian females.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of gallbladder cancer is approximately 0.6%.
- An estimated 1,092 gallstone-related deaths for 2004 in the U.S.[4]
- cholecystectomy carries a high mortality rate at 1% and postoperative complications of >30%.[5]
- The mortality rate of gallbladder cancer in chile is very high in the world.[6]
Age
- The incidence of gallbladder cancer increases with age over 65 years.
- Gallbladder adenocarcinoma most commonly affects older persons with chronic cholecystolithiasis.
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected by gallbladder cancer than men.The female to male gender ratio is approximately 3 to 1.[7]
- Women with more gravidity and parity increase the risk of developing gallbladder cancer.[8]
Race
- Gallbladder cancer usually affects individuals of Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, India, Pakistan, Japan, and Korea more than the rest of the world.[9]
References
- ↑ Sampliner RE, Bennett PH, Comess LJ, Rose FA, Burch TA (1970). "Gallbladder disease in pima indians. Demonstration of high prevalence and early onset by cholecystography". N Engl J Med. 283 (25): 1358–64. doi:10.1056/NEJM197012172832502. PMID 5481754.
- ↑ Miquel JF, Covarrubias C, Villaroel L, Mingrone G, Greco AV, Puglielli L, Carvallo P, Marshall G, Del Pino G, Nervi F (1998). "Genetic epidemiology of cholesterol cholelithiasis among Chilean Hispanics, Amerindians, and Maoris". Gastroenterology. 115 (4): 937–46. PMID 9753497.
- ↑ Miquel JF, Covarrubias C, Villaroel L, Mingrone G, Greco AV, Puglielli L, Carvallo P, Marshall G, Del Pino G, Nervi F (1998). "Genetic epidemiology of cholesterol cholelithiasis among Chilean Hispanics, Amerindians, and Maoris". Gastroenterology. 115 (4): 937–46. PMID 9753497.
- ↑ Stinton LM, Shaffer EA (2012). "Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer". Gut Liver. 6 (2): 172–87. doi:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.172. PMC 3343155. PMID 22570746.
- ↑ Stinton LM, Shaffer EA (2012). "Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer". Gut Liver. 6 (2): 172–87. doi:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.172. PMC 3343155. PMID 22570746.
- ↑ Lazcano-Ponce EC, Miquel JF, Muñoz N, Herrero R, Ferrecio C, Wistuba II, Alonso de Ruiz P, Aristi Urista G, Nervi F (2001). "Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer". CA Cancer J Clin. 51 (6): 349–64. PMID 11760569.
- ↑ Lazcano-Ponce EC, Miquel JF, Muñoz N, Herrero R, Ferrecio C, Wistuba II, Alonso de Ruiz P, Aristi Urista G, Nervi F (2001). "Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer". CA Cancer J Clin. 51 (6): 349–64. PMID 11760569.
- ↑ Hundal R, Shaffer EA (2014). "Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome". Clin Epidemiol. 6: 99–109. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S37357. PMC 3952897. PMID 24634588.
- ↑ Strom BL, Soloway RD, Rios-Dalenz JL, Rodriguez-Martinez HA, West SL, Kinman JL, Polansky M, Berlin JA (1995). "Risk factors for gallbladder cancer. An international collaborative case-control study". Cancer. 76 (10): 1747–56. PMID 8625043.