Respiratory failure natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

• If left untreated, patients with respiratory failure may progress to develop sepsis and multiple organ failure which increases mortality.Weiss SM, Hudson LD (January 1994). "Outcome from respiratory failure". Crit Care Clin. 10 (1): 197–215. PMID 8118729.

Complications

• Pulmonary complications of respiratory failure include:
  • Pulmonary emboli
  • Barotrauma
  • Fibrosis
  • Pneumonia

• Extra-pulmonary complications of respiratory failure include:
  • Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
  • Renal failure
  • Infection
  • Thrombocytopenia

Prognosis

• The resolution of pulmonary edema and inflammation are important for determining the recovery from lung injury.Matthay MA, Zimmerman GA (October 2005). "Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome: four decades of inquiry into pathogenesis and rational management". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 33 (4): 319–27. doi:10.1165/rcmb.F305. PMC 2715340. PMID 16172252.
• Long term prognosis of patients with respiratory failure depends on the severity of underlying disease.
• Recovery of pulmonary function is variable and determined by the severity of the acute episode.
• Acute respiratory failure has a poor prognosis when there is an underlying hematologic malignancy.