Autoimmune hemolytic anemia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S; Shyam Patel [2]
Overview
Causes
Primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia is due to an underlying condition, such as malignancy or autoimmune disorders.
- Malignancy: Blood-related cancers accounts for 50% of cases of secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A variety of malignancies can cause secondary warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, though non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a less common cause.[1] Lymphoproliferative disorders are more commonly associated with secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia compared to myeloproliferative disorders. The premise behind lymphoproliferative disorders causing secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia is that malignant clonal population may consist of B cells and plasma cells that produce antibodies, which can then attack normal red blood cells. The presence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with CLL is an indication for treatment of CLL and suggests a worse prognosis compared to the absence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
- Autoimmune disorders: Systemic autoimmune conditions can also cause secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia. These conditions include systemic lupus erythematosus, hypothyroidism, Sjogren's syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary hypogammaglobulinemia, and inflammatory bowel disease.[2] The premise behind autoimmune conditions causing secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia is failure of self-recognition by the immune system, resulting in aberrant immune activation and production of autoantibodies that attack normal cells, including red blood cells.
References
- ↑ Berentsen S, Sundic T (2015). "Red blood cell destruction in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: role of complement and potential new targets for therapy". Biomed Res Int. 2015: 363278. doi:10.1155/2015/363278. PMC 4326213. PMID 25705656.
- ↑ Berentsen S (2015). "Role of Complement in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia". Transfus Med Hemother. 42 (5): 303–10. doi:10.1159/000438964. PMC 4678321. PMID 26696798.