Autoimmune hemolytic anemia historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S; Shyam Patel [2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- In 1958, Leslie Zieve conducted a retrospective study on patients with alcoholic liver disease who had hemolytic anemia.[1]
- In 1968, Balcerzak confirmed the phenomenon of hemolytic anemia in conjunction with cholestatic jaundice and hypercholesterolemia.[1] This condition was known as Zieve syndrome, named after Leslie Zieve.
- In 1970, Zuelzer and colleagues from Wayne State School of Medicine in Detroit described the nature and proposed etiologies of autoimmune hemolytic anemia [2] They noted that autoantibodies could be produced by transient viral infections, such as CMV infection.[2] It was noted that there was a close correlation between the onset of infection and presence of hemolysis. Zuelzer and colleagues proposed in their manuscript that the etiology for autoimmune hemolytic anemia was an immunologic handicap predisposing to occult viral infections.
- In 1973, Playfair and Marshall-Clarke developed a murine model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In this murine model, the mice developed autoantibodies against their own red blood cells upon injection of rat red blood cells. The rat red blood cells triggered antibody production, since the rat antigens were foreign, but the antibodies also reacted against self antigens (murine antigens) also [3] Clinically, the mice developed anemia, elevated reticulocyte count, and positive direct antiglobulin test (Coomb's test). The mice had decreased survival.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Liu MX, Wen XY, Leung YK, Zheng YJ, Jin MS, Jin QL; et al. (2017). "Hemolytic anemia in alcoholic liver disease: Zieve syndrome: A case report and literature review". Medicine (Baltimore). 96 (47): e8742. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008742. PMC 5708965. PMID 29381966.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zuelzer WW, Mastrangelo R, Stulberg CS, Poulik MD, Page RH, Thompson RI (1970). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Natural history and viral-immunologic interactions in childhood". Am J Med. 49 (1): 80–93. PMID 4194012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mqadmi A, Zheng X, Yazdanbakhsh K (2005). "CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control induction of autoimmune hemolytic anemia". Blood. 105 (9): 3746–8. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-12-4692. PMC 1895013. PMID 15637139.