Polymyositis and dermatomyositis pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis is not fully understood.

Polymyositis is caused by inflammation and degeneration of the muscles. Dermatomyositis is caused by skin inflammation.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
The exact pathogenesis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis is not fully understood. However, it is understood that polymyositis and dermatomyositis are the result of autoimmune attack but triggering factors of are not well-known.
Viral infection might be a trigger for immune system to attack muscle fibers and other tissues.

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Different conditions associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis include:

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

↑ Bodoki L, Nagy-Vincze M, Griger Z, Betteridge Z, Szöllősi L, Dankó K (December 2014). "Four dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies-anti-TIF1γ, anti-NXP2, anti-SAE and anti-MDA5-in adult and juvenile patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in a Hungarian cohort". Autoimmun Rev. 13 (12): 1211–9. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.011. PMID 25182203.
↑ Tiniakou E, Mammen AL (February 2017). "Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies and Malignancy: a Comprehensive Review". Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 52 (1): 20–33. doi:10.1007/s12016-015-8511-x. PMID 26429706.
↑ Bohan, Anthony; Peter, James B. (1975). "Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis". New England Journal of Medicine. 292 (8): 403–407. doi:10.1056/NEJM197502202920807. ISSN 0028-4793.
↑ Adler BL, Christopher-Stine L (February 2018). "Triggers of inflammatory myopathy: insights into pathogenesis". Discov Med. 25 (136): 75–83. PMID 29579414.