Parkinson's disease history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History
Common symptoms
The main clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease include tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Later in the course of the disease patient can have postural instability.(6 ta 10) Some studies suggest that there can be three clinical subtypes for Parkinson disease: Tremor dominant, akinetic-rigid and postural instability and gait difficulty(28 ta 30)but other studies demonstrate that clinical course of the disease can be variable and this subtypes can switch to each other through time.(37_38)
Motor symptoms
Tremor: Tremor is the most common symptom in Parkinson disease and can be the presenting sign in 70 to 80 percent of patients.(16_17) This symptom starts unilaterally mostly in hand and then progress to the other side of the body. It can also involve legs, jaw, lips and tongue.(22_15_23) PD tremor frequency is 3 to 7 Hz.(15) There is a symptom called re-emergent tremor in some of the PD patients. It manifests by postural tremor that starts after several seconds and can make it difficult to differentiate PD from essential tremor.(11_12_13)
Rigidity:
Bradykinesia:
Postural instability: