Parkinson's disease physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Physical Examination
Appearance
In the appearance of PD patients we can notice that the blinking rate of spontaneous blinking is lower than normal but voluntary blinking is similar to general population.[1] The other finding in PD patient is that their spontaneous facial expressions are less frequent and less varied in comparison to normal people (hypomimia).[2]
Neuromascular
Cogwheel rigidity: when we want to move the patient's joint passively, there is a ratchety pattern of resistance and relaxation and overally there is a higher resistance against our passive move.
Resting tremor: we ask the patient to relax his/her arms and start talking about something else to distract him/her. we can see that there is resting tremor unilaterally or bilateraly with higher severity in one side.
References
- ↑ Agostino R, Bologna M, Dinapoli L, Gregori B, Fabbrini G, Accornero N, Berardelli A (April 2008). "Voluntary, spontaneous, and reflex blinking in Parkinson's disease". Mov. Disord. 23 (5): 669–75. doi:10.1002/mds.21887. PMID 18175339.
- ↑ Dumer AI, Oster H, McCabe D, Rabin LA, Spielman JL, Ramig LO, Borod JC (March 2014). "Effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT® LOUD) on hypomimia in Parkinson's disease". J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 20 (3): 302–12. doi:10.1017/S1355617714000046. PMID 24524211.