Chondroma pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2] Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [3]
Overview
Pathogenesis
- Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.[1]
- Chondromas is the result of nests of growth-plate cartilage that have become entrapped in the medullary canal of the metaphysis or in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction. These hamartomatous proliferations persist as islands in the bone and then develop from enchondral ossification.[2][3]
Genetics
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondromas and periostal chondromas include isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 .[4]
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.[5][6]
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of chondroma are as followings:[7][8]
- Cytologically benign cells is spaced nests
- Not extending into surrounding soft tissue
- Avascular, fibrous lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix
- Interspersed with chondrocytes and separated by normal marrow
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Associated conditions
Enchondromas may be single or multiple. Multiple enchondromas are associated with the following:[9][10][11]
| Associated disease | Findings | Occurance |
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Maffucci syndrome |
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Sporadic |
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Ollier disease |
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Sporadic |
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Metachondromatosis |
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Genetic (Autosomal dominant) |
References
- ↑ Dal Cin P, Qi H, Sciot R, Van den Berghe H (February 1997). "Involvement of chromosomes 6 and 11 in a soft tissue chondroma". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 93 (2): 177–8. PMID 9078305.
- ↑ Geng S, Zhang J, Zhang LW, Wu Z, Jia G, Xiao X, Hao S (July 2014). "Diagnosis and microsurgical treatment of chondromas and chondrosarcomas of the cranial base". Oncol Lett. 8 (1): 301–304. doi:10.3892/ol.2014.2072. PMC 4063631. PMID 24959265.
- ↑ Lewis MM, Kenan S, Yabut SM, Norman A, Steiner G (July 1990). "Periosteal chondroma. A report of ten cases and review of the literature". Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. (256): 185–92. PMID 2194723.
- ↑ Sandberg AA (July 2004). "Genetics of chondrosarcoma and related tumors". Curr Opin Oncol. 16 (4): 342–54. PMID 15187889.
- ↑ Semenova LA, Bulycheva IV (2007). "[Chondromas (enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, enchondromatosis)]". Arkh. Patol. (in Russian). 69 (5): 45–8. PMID 18074822.
- ↑ Chung EB, Enzinger FM (April 1978). "Chondroma of soft parts". Cancer. 41 (4): 1414–24. PMID 76505.
- ↑ Uhl M, Herget G, Kurz P (June 2016). "[Cartilage tumors : Pathology and radiomorphology]". Radiologe (in German). 56 (6): 476–88. doi:10.1007/s00117-016-0112-z. PMID 27233920.
- ↑ Blum MR, Danford M, Speight PM (August 1993). "Soft tissue chondroma of the cheek". J. Oral Pathol. Med. 22 (7): 334–6. PMID 8229872.
- ↑ Prokopchuk O, Andres S, Becker K, Holzapfel K, Hartmann D, Friess H (February 2016). "Maffucci syndrome and neoplasms: a case report and review of the literature". BMC Res Notes. 9: 126. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1913-x. PMC 4769492. PMID 26920730.
- ↑ Mavrogenis AF, Skarpidi E, Papakonstantinou O, Papagelopoulos PJ (June 2010). "Chondrosarcoma in metachondromatosis: a case report". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92 (6): 1507–13. doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00693. PMID 20516327.
- ↑ Watanabe F, Saiki T, Ochochi Y (2012). "Extraskeletal chondroma of the preauricular region: a case report and literature review". Case Rep Med. 2012: 121743. doi:10.1155/2012/121743. PMC 3400396. PMID 22844293.