Acute tubular necrosis causes

	Acute tubular necrosis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

[Disease name] may be caused by:

Toxic acute tubular necrosis:
- Exogenous nephrotoxins:
  - Aminoglycosides^[1]
  - Amphotericin B^[2]
  - Contrast media^[3]
  - Cisplatin^[4]
  - Ifosfamide^[5]
  - Foscarnet^[6]
  - Pentamidine^[7]
  - Cidofovir^[8]
  - Tenofovir ^[9]
  - Bisphosphonates^[10]
  - Cephalosporin^[11]
  - Naproxen^[12]
  - Tacrolimus^[13]
  - Mannitol^[14]
  - Intravenous immunoglobulins:^[15] These contain sucrose which is toxic to tubular cells.

[Cause1]
[Cause2]
[Cause3]

OR

[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of disease name include:

[Cause1]
[Cause2]
[Cause3]

Genetic Causes

[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

3

References

↑ Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM (May 1999). "Aminoglycosides: nephrotoxicity". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43 (5): 1003–12. PMC 89104. PMID 10223907.
↑ Fanos V, Cataldi L (December 2000). "Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity: a review". J Chemother. 12 (6): 463–70. doi:10.1179/joc.2000.12.6.463. PMID 11154026.
↑ Lang EK, Foreman J, Schlegel JU, Leslie C, List A, McCormick P (January 1981). "The incidence of contrast medium induced acute tubular necrosis following arteriography". Radiology. 138 (1): 203–6. doi:10.1148/radiology.138.1.7455084. PMID 7455084.
↑ Wadd NJ, Tiplady C, Roberts JT (1997). "Cisplatin and acute tubular necrosis". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 9 (4): 267–8. PMID 9315405.
↑ Berns JS, Haghighat A, Staddon A, Cohen RM, Schmidt R, Fisher S, Rudnick MR, Tomaszewski JE (August 1995). "Severe, irreversible renal failure after ifosfamide treatment. A clinicopathologic report of two patients". Cancer. 76 (3): 497–500. PMID 8625132.
↑ Deray G, Martinez F, Katlama C, Levaltier B, Beaufils H, Danis M, Rozenheim M, Baumelou A, Dohin E, Gentilini M (1989). "Foscarnet nephrotoxicity: mechanism, incidence and prevention". Am. J. Nephrol. 9 (4): 316–21. doi:10.1159/000167987. PMID 2554731.
↑ Prabhavalkar S, Masengu A, O'Rourke D, Shields J, Courtney A (2013). "Nebulized pentamidine-induced acute renal allograft dysfunction". Case Rep Transplant. 2013: 907593. doi:10.1155/2013/907593. PMC 3562641. PMID 23401840.
↑ Ortiz A, Justo P, Sanz A, Melero R, Caramelo C, Guerrero MF, Strutz F, Müller G, Barat A, Egido J (2005). "Tubular cell apoptosis and cidofovir-induced acute renal failure". Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 10 (1): 185–90. PMID 15751777.
↑ Herlitz LC, Mohan S, Stokes MB, Radhakrishnan J, D'Agati VD, Markowitz GS (December 2010). "Tenofovir nephrotoxicity: acute tubular necrosis with distinctive clinical, pathological, and mitochondrial abnormalities". Kidney Int. 78 (11): 1171–7. doi:10.1038/ki.2010.318. PMID 20811330.
↑ Perazella MA, Markowitz GS (December 2008). "Bisphosphonate nephrotoxicity". Kidney Int. 74 (11): 1385–93. doi:10.1038/ki.2008.356. PMID 18685574.
↑ Longstreth KL, Robbins SD, Smavatkul C, Doe NS (June 2004). "Cephalexin-induced acute tubular necrosis". Pharmacotherapy. 24 (6): 808–11. doi:10.1592/phco.24.8.808.36069. PMID 15222673.
↑ Kovacevic L, Bernstein J, Valentini RP, Imam A, Gupta N, Mattoo TK (August 2003). "Renal papillary necrosis induced by naproxen". Pediatr. Nephrol. 18 (8): 826–9. doi:10.1007/s00467-003-1167-4. PMID 12774222.
↑ Ardalan MR, Nasri H, Ghabili K, Mohajel Shoja M (December 2008). "Acute tubular necrosis after renal allograft segmental infarction: the nephrotoxicity of necrotic material". Exp Clin Transplant. 6 (4): 312–4. PMID 19338495.
↑ Dorman HR, Sondheimer JH, Cadnapaphornchai P (May 1990). "Mannitol-induced acute renal failure". Medicine (Baltimore). 69 (3): 153–9. PMID 2111870.
↑ Fakhouri F (May 2007). "[Intravenous immunoglobulins and acute renal failure: mechanism and prevention]". Rev Med Interne (in French). 28 Spec No. 1: 4–6. PMID 17768831.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid10223907-1] Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM (May 1999). "Aminoglycosides: nephrotoxicity". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43 (5): 1003–12. PMC 89104. PMID 10223907.

[pmid11154026-2] Fanos V, Cataldi L (December 2000). "Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity: a review". J Chemother. 12 (6): 463–70. doi:10.1179/joc.2000.12.6.463. PMID 11154026.

[pmid7455084-3] Lang EK, Foreman J, Schlegel JU, Leslie C, List A, McCormick P (January 1981). "The incidence of contrast medium induced acute tubular necrosis following arteriography". Radiology. 138 (1): 203–6. doi:10.1148/radiology.138.1.7455084. PMID 7455084.

[pmid9315405-4] Wadd NJ, Tiplady C, Roberts JT (1997). "Cisplatin and acute tubular necrosis". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 9 (4): 267–8. PMID 9315405.

[pmid8625132-5] Berns JS, Haghighat A, Staddon A, Cohen RM, Schmidt R, Fisher S, Rudnick MR, Tomaszewski JE (August 1995). "Severe, irreversible renal failure after ifosfamide treatment. A clinicopathologic report of two patients". Cancer. 76 (3): 497–500. PMID 8625132.

[pmid2554731-6] Deray G, Martinez F, Katlama C, Levaltier B, Beaufils H, Danis M, Rozenheim M, Baumelou A, Dohin E, Gentilini M (1989). "Foscarnet nephrotoxicity: mechanism, incidence and prevention". Am. J. Nephrol. 9 (4): 316–21. doi:10.1159/000167987. PMID 2554731.

[pmid23401840-7] Prabhavalkar S, Masengu A, O'Rourke D, Shields J, Courtney A (2013). "Nebulized pentamidine-induced acute renal allograft dysfunction". Case Rep Transplant. 2013: 907593. doi:10.1155/2013/907593. PMC 3562641. PMID 23401840.

[pmid15751777-8] Ortiz A, Justo P, Sanz A, Melero R, Caramelo C, Guerrero MF, Strutz F, Müller G, Barat A, Egido J (2005). "Tubular cell apoptosis and cidofovir-induced acute renal failure". Antivir. Ther. (Lond.). 10 (1): 185–90. PMID 15751777.

[pmid20811330-9] Herlitz LC, Mohan S, Stokes MB, Radhakrishnan J, D'Agati VD, Markowitz GS (December 2010). "Tenofovir nephrotoxicity: acute tubular necrosis with distinctive clinical, pathological, and mitochondrial abnormalities". Kidney Int. 78 (11): 1171–7. doi:10.1038/ki.2010.318. PMID 20811330.

[pmid18685574-10] Perazella MA, Markowitz GS (December 2008). "Bisphosphonate nephrotoxicity". Kidney Int. 74 (11): 1385–93. doi:10.1038/ki.2008.356. PMID 18685574.

[pmid15222673-11] Longstreth KL, Robbins SD, Smavatkul C, Doe NS (June 2004). "Cephalexin-induced acute tubular necrosis". Pharmacotherapy. 24 (6): 808–11. doi:10.1592/phco.24.8.808.36069. PMID 15222673.

[pmid12774222-12] Kovacevic L, Bernstein J, Valentini RP, Imam A, Gupta N, Mattoo TK (August 2003). "Renal papillary necrosis induced by naproxen". Pediatr. Nephrol. 18 (8): 826–9. doi:10.1007/s00467-003-1167-4. PMID 12774222.

[pmid19338495-13] Ardalan MR, Nasri H, Ghabili K, Mohajel Shoja M (December 2008). "Acute tubular necrosis after renal allograft segmental infarction: the nephrotoxicity of necrotic material". Exp Clin Transplant. 6 (4): 312–4. PMID 19338495.

[pmid2111870-14] Dorman HR, Sondheimer JH, Cadnapaphornchai P (May 1990). "Mannitol-induced acute renal failure". Medicine (Baltimore). 69 (3): 153–9. PMID 2111870.

[pmid17768831-15] Fakhouri F (May 2007). "[Intravenous immunoglobulins and acute renal failure: mechanism and prevention]". Rev Med Interne (in French). 28 Spec No. 1: 4–6. PMID 17768831.

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