Polyarteritis nodosa other imaging findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Haritha Machavarapu, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Arteriography is the best imaging study to diagnosis of PAN. Findings on an arteriography diagnostic of PAN include microaneurysm, saccular aneurysm and tortuous vessels showing irregular lumina, segmental luminal narrowing or dilatation, infarctions, vascular irregularity and segmental occlusions.

Other Imaging Findings

Arteriography

• Arteriography is the best imaging study to diagnosis of PAN.
• Findings on an arteriography diagnostic of PAN include:
  • Microaneurysms
    • Pathognomic finding seen in 60-80% patients.
    • Caused by rupture of a vessel wall due to necrotizing inflammatory process.
    • Most commonly seen at the branching points and bifurcations of arteries.
    • Microaneurysms are usually more than 10 in number.
    • Size: 2-5mm
  • Saccular aneurysms
    • Size: 1-5mm
    • Seen in small and medium sized vessels.
  • Tortuous vessels showing:
    • Irregular lumina
    • Segmental luminal narrowing or dilatation
    • Infarctions
    • Vascular irregularity
    • Segmental occlusions