Hypercalcemia natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic and goes undetected in a large number of patients.[1]
- Hypercalcemia may present in any age group depending on etiology and severity and presents initially with concentration and sleep abnormalities.
Complications
Possible complications include:[1]
Gastrointestinal:
Kidney:
- Calcium deposits in the kidney (nephrocalcinosis)
- Dehydration
- High blood pressure
- Kidney failure
- Kidney stones
Psychological:
- Depression
- Difficulty concentrating or thinking
Skeletal:
- Bone cysts
- Fractures
- Osteoporosis
These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today.
Prognosis
- Prognosis of hypercalcemia is usually excellent after treatemnt.
- However, untreated hypercalcemia may be fatal.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shane, Elizabeth & Irani, Dinaz. (2006). Chapter 26. Hypercalcemia: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism.
- ↑ Corlew DS, Bryda SL, Bradley EL, DiGirolamo M (1985). "Observations on the course of untreated primary hyperparathyroidism". Surgery. 98 (6): 1064–71. PMID 3878002.