Multiple myeloma history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]
Overview
The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, pallor, and fatigue.[1][2][3] However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the mnemonic CRAB - C = Calcium (elevated), R = Renal failure, A = Anemia, B = Bone lesions.[4][2][3]
History
- When evaluating a patient for multiple myeloma, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (duration, onset, progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough medication review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are outlined below:[5]
- Review past medical history for other plasma cell diseases
- Review family history for members with positive history of the disease
- Review occupational history related to farming or oil industry
- Review any exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:[1][2][3][6][7][8]
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- Usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity
- Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
- Neurological symptoms
- Hypercalcemia related symptoms
- Polyurea
- Polydipsia
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Weakness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Lethargy
- Bone marrow failure related symptoms
- Easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums due to thrombocytopenia
- Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness and paleness due to anemia
- Recurrent infections due to decreased white blood cell count.
- Lower limb edema due to renal involvement
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.
- ↑ Multiple myeloma. MedlinePlus (2015)http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multiple_myeloma_risk_factors&action=edit§ion=2 Accessed on Septmeber, 20th 2015
- ↑ Reisenbuckler C (2014). "Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging". Radiol Technol. 85 (4): 391–410, quiz 411–3. PMID 24614435.
- ↑ Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T (October 2015). "Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 15 (10): 563–77.e1–3. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003. PMID 26294217.
- ↑ Eslick R, Talaulikar D (October 2013). "Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment". Aust Fam Physician. 42 (10): 684–8. PMID 24130968.