Angiomyolipoma natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [4]

Overview

If left untreated, small angiomyolipomas and those without dilated blood vessels (aneurysms) cause few symptoms. Small angiomyolipomas are associated with the most favorable prognosis. Common complications of angiomyolipoma include infection, hemorrhage, and shock.

Natural History

If left untreated, small angiomyolipomas and those without dilated blood vessels (aneurysms) cause few problems. Angiomyolipomas grow as rapidly as 4 cm in one year.It has been observed in some studies that the female sex hormones has positive impact on the size of the angiomyolipoma.There has been increased growth and hemorrhagic complications seen during the pregnancy as well as after treatment with exogenous hormonal therapy.[1][2][3]

Complications

Common complications of angiomyolipoma include:

  • Retroperitoneal hemorrhage from renal angiomyolipoma.[4]

    Retroperitoneal hemorrhage from renal angiomyolipoma.[4]

Prognosis

Small angiomyolipomas are associated with the most favorable prognosis. An angiomyolipoma larger than 5 cm and those containing an aneurysm pose a significant risk of rupture, which is a medical emergency as it is potentially life-threatening. Cumulative risk of hemorrhage is estimated to be:

  • 10% among males
  • 20% among females

References

  1. ↑ Gould Rothberg BE, Grooms MC, Dharnidharka VR (2006). "Rapid growth of a kidney angiomyolipoma after initiation of oral contraceptive therapy". Obstet Gynecol. 108 (3 Pt 2): 734–6. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000188062.13749.ef. PMID 17018483.
  2. ↑ Lewis EL, Palmer JM (1985). "Renal angiomyolipoma and massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage during pregnancy". West J Med. 143 (5): 675–6. PMC 1306454. PMID 4082575.
  3. ↑ Zapardiel I, Delafuente-Valero J, Bajo-Arenas JM (2011). "Renal angiomyolipoma during pregnancy: review of the literature". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 72 (4): 217–9. doi:10.1159/000329328. PMID 21876331.
  4. ↑ Image courtesy of Dr Matt A. Morgan and Dr Behrang Amini et alRadiopaedia(original file [1]). Creative Commons BY-SA-NC

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