Thrombocytosis differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Thrombocytosis Differential Diagnosis

Differentiating the diseases that can cause thrombocytosis :

Category	Condition		Etiology	Mechanism			Inherited	Acquried	Clinical manifestations									Para−clinical findings									Gold standard	Associated findings
									Demography	History	Symptoms			Signs
																		Lab Findings								Imaging
											Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other	CBC			PBS	Bone marrow exam	PT	PTT	UA
				Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen												Plt	HB	WBC
Autonomous thrombocytosis	Hematologic malignancies	Essential thrombocythemia
		Polycythemia vera
		Primary myelofibrosis
		Chronic myeloid leukemia
		Myelodysplastic syndromes	Unknown Mutation	+	-	-	-/+	+	Elderly	Exposure to Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Tobacco smoke	+	Petechiae, purpura, diffuse erythematous rash	+	Nl	+	+	Shortness of breath, fatigue	↓	↓	↓	Ovalomacrocytosis Basophilic stippling Howell-Jolly body Dysplastic neutrophils	Impaired myeloid maturation Dyserythropoiesis Dysgranulopoiesis Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis Hypercellular bone marrow Fibrosis	Nl	Nl	Nl	NA	Bone marrow examination + clinical manifestation	Might transformed to acute leukemia
		Acute myeloid leukemia		+
	Familial thrombocytosis
Category	Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	PT	PTT	UA	Imaging	Gold standard	Associated findings
Reactive thrombocytosis	Anemia/ blood loss	Iron deficiency, blood loss, hemolysis
	Infection	Viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal causes
	Non-infectious inflammation	Malignancy, rheumatologic conditions, trauma, reactions to medications
	Post-splenectomy	Post-splenectomy or functional asplenia (eg, sickle cell disease)
Category	Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	PT	PTT	UA	Imaging	Gold standard	Associated findings