Hemolytic-uremic syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [3], Anila Hussain, MD [4]

Overview

The majority of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are asymptomatic. It usually start with gastrointestinal prodrome including bloody diarrhea and fever that may occur 2-7 days before the onset of renal failure. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and swelling, decreased urination, fatigue, irritability, and swelling of body.

History and Symptoms

The hallmark of HUS is bloody diarrhea (dysentery).^[1]
A positive history of bloody diarrhea and abdominal tenderness is suggestive of HUS. The most common symptoms of HUS include bloody diarrhea , fever and gastrointestinal complaints. The classic triad of signs/symptoms involves microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, renal failure, and thrombocytopenia.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of HUS include:^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of HUS include:

References

↑ R. Bhimma, N. C. Rollins, H. M. Coovadia & M. Adhikari (1997). "Post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in children during an epidemic of Shigella dysentery in Kwazulu/Natal". Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 11 (5): 560–564. PMID 9323280. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ T. G. Boyce, D. L. Swerdlow & P. M. Griffin (1995). "Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome". The New England journal of medicine. 333 (6): 364–368. doi:10.1056/NEJM199508103330608. PMID 7609755. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Slutsker L, Ries AA, Greene KD, Wells JG, Hutwagner L, Griffin PM (April 1997). "Escherichia coli O157:H7 diarrhea in the United States: clinical and epidemiologic features". Ann. Intern. Med. 126 (7): 505–13. PMID 9092315.
↑ Phillip I. Tarr, Carrie A. Gordon & Wayne L. Chandler (2005). "Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome". Lancet (London, England). 365 (9464): 1073–1086. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71144-2. PMID 15781103. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Phillip I. Tarr, Carrie A. Gordon & Wayne L. Chandler (2005). "Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome". Lancet (London, England). 365 (9464): 1073–1086. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71144-2. PMID 15781103. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ James B. Kaper & Alison D. O'Brien (2014). "Overview and Historical Perspectives". Microbiology spectrum. 2 (6). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0028-2014. PMID 25590020. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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[1] R. Bhimma, N. C. Rollins, H. M. Coovadia & M. Adhikari (1997). "Post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in children during an epidemic of Shigella dysentery in Kwazulu/Natal". Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 11 (5): 560–564. PMID 9323280. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[:0-2] T. G. Boyce, D. L. Swerdlow & P. M. Griffin (1995). "Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome". The New England journal of medicine. 333 (6): 364–368. doi:10.1056/NEJM199508103330608. PMID 7609755. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid9092315-3] Slutsker L, Ries AA, Greene KD, Wells JG, Hutwagner L, Griffin PM (April 1997). "Escherichia coli O157:H7 diarrhea in the United States: clinical and epidemiologic features". Ann. Intern. Med. 126 (7): 505–13. PMID 9092315.

[4] Phillip I. Tarr, Carrie A. Gordon & Wayne L. Chandler (2005). "Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome". Lancet (London, England). 365 (9464): 1073–1086. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71144-2. PMID 15781103. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[5] Phillip I. Tarr, Carrie A. Gordon & Wayne L. Chandler (2005). "Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome". Lancet (London, England). 365 (9464): 1073–1086. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71144-2. PMID 15781103. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[6] James B. Kaper & Alison D. O'Brien (2014). "Overview and Historical Perspectives". Microbiology spectrum. 2 (6). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0028-2014. PMID 25590020. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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