Scoliosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]; Humayun Israr ,Mbbs

Classification

Scoliosis can be classified into congenital scoliosis (due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae), idiopathic scoliosis(when the cause is not known) or neuromuscular scoliosis (due to loss of muscle strength or voluntary muscle control).

• Congenital scoliosis is subdivided based on radiological finding, combined structural component involved and 3-D CT.

Based on radiological finding

	Complete failure - hemivertebra, butterfly vertebra
Failure of formation	Partial failure - wedged vertebra
	Unilateral failure - longitudinal failure
Failure of segmentation	Bilateral failure - block vertebra
Miscellaneous	Formation and segmentation mixed failure

Based on formation of error and the structural combining of the anterior and posterior vertebral component

Anterior component	Posterior component
Hemivertebra (hemipedicle)	Fully segmented hemilamina
	Semisegmented hemilamina
	Spina bifida
	Bilamina (complete or incomplete)
Butterfly lamina (bipedicle)	Wedged lamina
	Spina bifida
Lateral wedged vertebra (bipedicle)	Wedged Lamina

Based on 3-D CT

Type 1	Solitary simple congenital malformation (unison) hemivertebra wedged vertebra butterfly vertebra others
Type 2	Multiple simple anomalies (unison) combination of hemivertebra, wedged vertebra and butterfly vertebra discreet, adjacent or others
Type 3	Complex anomalies (discordant) mixed failure
Type 4	Segmentation failure only

• Idiopathic scoliosis may be further classified into three types based on age of onset.
  • infantile idipathic scoliosis (birth to 3 years)
  • juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (4 to 9 years)
  • adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (10 to 20 years)

References

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