Pneumomediastinum risk factors
|
Pneumomediastinum Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Pneumomediastinum risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pneumomediastinum risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumomediastinum risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]
Overview
Factors that can increase the chances of pneumomediastinum include: Age: Infants and young adults are at high risk. Gender: Males have a higher incidence rate than females. A tall, lean, male body habitus is considered as a risk factor for pneumomediastinum; however, obese patients are not spared from this pathology. Preexisting pulmonary disease: People with lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, interstitial lung disease, and lung cysts, are at higher risk of the pneumomediastinum.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for pneumomediastinum include[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]:
- Pulmonary risk factors
- Asthma
- COPD
- URTI
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary cyst
- Bronchiectasis
- Lung malignancies
- ARDS
- Iatrogenic risk factors
- Endoscopic procedures (airway, esophagus)
- Intubation/extubation
- Pleural cavity instrumentation
- Chest, neck, abdominal surgeries
- Valsalva maneuver
- Other risk factors
- Childbirth
- Rapid ascent/descent of scuba-divers
- presence of foreign bodies in the airway with air trapping
- Anorexia nervosa
- Strenuous physical activities
- Inhalation of toxic fumes
- tobacco smoking
- Recreational drug use, such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine
References
- ↑ Agut A, Talavera J, Buendia A, Anson A, Santarelli G, Gomez S (2015). "IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM SECONDARY TO PRIMARY PULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN A DALMATIAN DOG". Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 56 (5): E54–7. doi:10.1111/vru.12223. PMID 25388364.
- ↑ Caceres M, Ali SZ, Braud R, Weiman D, Garrett HE (September 2008). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a comparative study and review of the literature". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 86 (3): 962–6. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.067. PMID 18721592.
- ↑ Russo A, Del Vecchio C, Zaottini A, Giangregorio C (2012). "Role of emergency thoracic ultrasonography in spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Two case report". G Chir. 33 (8–9): 285–96. PMID 23017291.
- ↑ Chu CM, Leung YY, Hui JY, Hung IF, Chan VL, Leung WS, Law KI, Chan CS, Chan KS, Yuen KY (June 2004). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome". Eur. Respir. J. 23 (6): 802–4. PMID 15218989.
- ↑ Perna V, Vilà E, Guelbenzu JJ, Amat I (March 2010). "Pneumomediastinum: is this really a benign entity? When it can be considered as spontaneous? Our experience in 47 adult patients". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 37 (3): 573–5. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.08.002. PMID 19748792.
- ↑ Iyer VN, Joshi AY, Ryu JH (May 2009). "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: analysis of 62 consecutive adult patients". Mayo Clin. Proc. 84 (5): 417–21. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60560-0. PMC 2676124. PMID 19411438.
- ↑ Kobashi Y, Okimoto N, Matsushima T, Soejima R (April 2002). "Comparative study of mediastinal emphysema as determined by etiology". Intern. Med. 41 (4): 277–82. PMID 11993787.