Chondroma differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]
Overview
Enchondroma must be differentiated from low-grade chondrosarcoma, fibrocartilaginous dysplasia, bone islands and bone infarcts. Periosteal chondroma must be differentiated from juxtacortical chondrosarcoma, osteochondroma and periosteal osteosarcoma.
Differential Diagnosis
Enchondroma must be differentiated from the following:[1][2]
- Low-grade chondrosarcoma
- When differentiating an enchondroma from a chondrosarcoma, the radiographic image may be equivocal. However, periostitis is not usually seen with an uncomplicated enchondroma.[3]
- Chondroblastoma
- Presence of bone marrow edema frequently seen surrounding chondroblastomas is helpful, as it is not a usual feature of chondromyxoid fibromas, giant cell tumors, or enchondromas.[4][1]
- Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia
- Bone islands[5]
- Small focus of compact bone within the cancellous bone
- No cortical destruction or involvement of the surrounding soft tissues
- Bone infarcts
Periosteal Chondroma
Periosteal chondroma must be differentiated from the following:[6][7][8][9]
Periosteal chondrosarcoma
- Chondrosarcomas are generally greater in size and occur in older patients more than 50 years of age.
- They may extend into the soft tissue.
- Periosteal chondrosarcoma shows popcorn calcifications on radiographs, which present as a collection of scalloped radiolucencies and with a sclerotic margin.
Periosteal osteosarcoma
- Periosteal osteosarcomas are slow-growing, and primarily arise beneath the periosteum, inducing new bone formation.
- It seen as a radiolucent lesion on the bone surface with perpendicular striae and a peripheral Codman’s triangle on radiography.
Osteochondroma
- Osteochondromas are more commonly seen in adolescents, in contrast with periosteal chondromas, which typically occur in young adults.
- Osteochondromas may also be distinguished by the presence of a dense osteoid formation in the cortex and medulla of the mass, and by the continuation with its originating bone.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Erickson JK, Rosenthal DI, Zaleske DJ, Gebhardt MC, Cates JM (2001). "Primary treatment of chondroblastoma with percutaneous radio-frequency heat ablation: report of three cases". Radiology. 221 (2): 463–8. doi:10.1148/radiol.2212010262. PMID 11687691.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Muezzinoglu B, Oztop F (2001). "Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia: a variant of fibrous dysplasia". Malays J Pathol. 23 (1): 35–9. PMID 16329546.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Enchondroma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchondroma Accessed on December 18, 2015.
- ↑ Chondroblastoma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/chondroblastoma Accessed on December 21, 2015.
- ↑ Enostosis. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enostosis Accessed on December 18, 2015.
- ↑ Singh AP, Singh AP, Mahajan S (2008). "Periosteal chondroma of the sacrum". Can J Surg. 51 (5): E105–6. PMC 2556540. PMID 18841229.
- ↑ Agrawal A, Dwivedi SP, Joshi R, Gangane N (2005). "Osteochondroma of the sacrum with a correlative radiographic and histological evaluation". Pediatr Neurosurg. 41 (1): 46–8. doi:10.1159/000084865. PMID 15886513.
- ↑ Akansu B, Atık E, Altintaş S, Kalaci A, Canda S (2012). "Periosteal chondroma of the ischium; an unusual location". Turk Patoloji Derg. 28 (2): 172–4. doi:10.5146/tjpath.2012.01119. PMID 22627638.
- ↑ Sulzbacher I, Puig S, Trieb K, Lang S (2000). "Periosteal osteoblastoma: a case report and a review of the literature". Pathol Int. 50 (8): 667–71. PMID 10972867.