Breast lumps primary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Overview
Primary prevention of breast lumps consists of modifiable risk factors and preventive factors to decreases breast cancer rates. The protective factors are controlling alcohol consumption, healthy weight, physical activity, diet, breast feeding for 1 year, prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers,avoid hormonal replacement therapy and tamoxifen usage for high risk women aged>35 years.
Primary prevention
Benign breast lesions require great attention regarding its influence on patient's quality of life, high prevalence and potential chance of becoming malignant.[1]
- Prevention considers as the first way to decrease incidence of new cases of breast cancer rather than controlling it.[2]
- Prevention of breast disease can be associated with establishing modifiable risk factors.
- Premenopausal women
- Alcohol intake:
- No alcohol intake for youth aged 12-17 years, 20-30% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit[3][4]
- ≤1 serving/day alcohol intake for young adults 18-24 years, 20-30% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit[4]
- ≤1 serving/day alcohol intake for adults ≥18 years, 35% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit[5][6]
- Healthy weight:
- Avoid weight gain in all women, 50% risk reduction after menopause, 10-30 years until benefit[7]
- Physical activity:
- ≥ 30min/day, for inactive women, 20% risk reduction, 10-30 years until benefit[8]
- Healthy diet:
- Breast feeding:
- 1 years total across all children for women who have given birth, 18% risk reduction,5 years until benefit[11]
- Prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy:
- Tamoxifen:
- High risk women aged ≥35 years , 50% risk reduction,2 years until benefit [13]
- Alcohol intake:
- Postmenopausal women
- Alcohol intake:
- ≤1 serving/d,35% risk reduction, 5-10 years until benefit[6]
- Healthy weight:
- Weight loss For overweight and obese women> 145 lbs,50% risk reduction,2-5 years until benefit[7]
- Physical activity:
- ≥30 min/day for women not facing physical activity deadlines, 20% risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit[8]
- Avoid estrogen and progestin postmenopausal hormone therapy[14]
- 10% risk reduction for current users, 1 year until benefit
- 50% risk reduction for current users, 2 years until benefit
- Tamoxifen and raloxifen:
- For high risk women with greater than or equal risk for average woman aged 60 years,50% risk reduction, 2 years until benefit[15]
- Alcohol intake:
- Premenopausal women
References
- ↑ Goehring C, Morabia A (1997). "Epidemiology of benign breast disease, with special attention to histologic types". Epidemiol Rev. 19 (2): 310–27. PMID 9494790.
- ↑ Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz LA, Kinzler KW (2013). "Cancer genome landscapes". Science. 339 (6127): 1546–58. doi:10.1126/science.1235122. PMC 3749880. PMID 23539594.
- ↑ Liu Y, Tamimi RM, Berkey CS, Willett WC, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ; et al. (2012). "Intakes of alcohol and folate during adolescence and risk of proliferative benign breast disease". Pediatrics. 129 (5): e1192–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2601. PMC 3866773. PMID 22492774.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Liu Y, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Berkey CS, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ; et al. (2013). "Alcohol intake between menarche and first pregnancy: a prospective study of breast cancer risk". J Natl Cancer Inst. 105 (20): 1571–8. doi:10.1093/jnci/djt213. PMC 3797023. PMID 23985142.
- ↑ Chen WY, Rosner B, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Willett WC (2011). "Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk". JAMA. 306 (17): 1884–90. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1590. PMC 3292347. PMID 22045766.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Goldbohm RA; et al. (1998). "Alcohol and breast cancer in women: a pooled analysis of cohort studies". JAMA. 279 (7): 535–40. PMID 9480365.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Eliassen AH, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC, Hankinson SE (2006). "Adult weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer". JAMA. 296 (2): 193–201. doi:10.1001/jama.296.2.193. PMID 16835425.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Bernstein L, Patel AV, Ursin G, Sullivan-Halley J, Press MF, Deapen D; et al. (2005). "Lifetime recreational exercise activity and breast cancer risk among black women and white women". J Natl Cancer Inst. 97 (22): 1671–9. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji374. PMID 16288120.
- ↑ Jung S, Spiegelman D, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Boggs DA, van den Brandt PA; et al. (2013). "Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status". J Natl Cancer Inst. 105 (3): 219–36. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs635. PMC 3593764. PMID 23349252.
- ↑ Korde LA, Wu AH, Fears T, Nomura AM, West DW, Kolonel LN; et al. (2009). "Childhood soy intake and breast cancer risk in Asian American women". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 18 (4): 1050–9. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0405. PMID 19318430.
- ↑ Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (2002). "Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease". Lancet. 360 (9328): 187–95. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09454-0. PMID 12133652.
- ↑ Rebbeck TR, Kauff ND, Domchek SM (2009). "Meta-analysis of risk reduction estimates associated with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers". J Natl Cancer Inst. 101 (2): 80–7. doi:10.1093/jnci/djn442. PMC 2639318. PMID 19141781.
- ↑ Bernard Fisher, Joseph P. Costantino, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Carol K. Redmond, Maureen Kavanah, Walter M. Cronin, Victor Vogel, André Robidoux, Nikolay Dimitrov, James Atkins, Mary Daly, Samuel Wieand, Elizabeth Tan-Chiu, Leslie Ford, Norman Wolmark, other National Surgical Adjuvant Breast, Bowel Project Investigators; Tamoxifen for Prevention of Breast Cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study, JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 90, Issue 18, 16 September 1998, Pages 1371–1388, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.18.1371
- ↑ Colditz GA, Bohlke K (2014). "Priorities for the primary prevention of breast cancer". CA Cancer J Clin. 64 (3): 186–94. doi:10.3322/caac.21225. PMID 24647877.
- ↑ Visvanathan K, Hurley P, Bantug E, Brown P, Col NF, Cuzick J; et al. (2013). "Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline". J Clin Oncol. 31 (23): 2942–62. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.49.3122. PMID 23835710.