Burkitt's lymphoma diagnostic study of choice

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Kamal Akbar, M.D.[2]

Overview

In Burkitts lymphoma tissue biopsy remains the preferred diagnostic study of choice. The biopsy will yield confirmatory results when histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques are used.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Biopsy of the affected lymph nodes remains to be the diagnostic study of choice which confirms Burkitts lymphoma.

Study of choice

Lymph node or extra nodal tissue biopsy is diagnostic of Burkitt's lymphoma.
To view the characteristic findings of Burkitt's lymphoma biopsy please click here.

Staging

According to the Murphy staging system, there are four stages of Burkitt's lymphoma based on the number of nodes involved and the extra nodal spread.

Staging for Burkitt's lymphoma is provided in the following table:^[1]

**Murphy staging system**
Stage	Features
Stage I	Single nodal or extra nodal site involvement excluding mediastinum or abdomen^[2]
Stage II	Single extra nodal tumor with regional nodal involvement Two extra nodal tumors on one side of diaphragm^[2] Primary gastrointestinal tumor with or without associated mesenteric nodes Two or more nodal areas on one side of diaphragm
Stage IIR	Completely resected intra-abdominal disease
Stage III	Two single extra nodal tumors on opposite sides of diaphragm ^[2] All primary intra thoracic tumors All paraspinal or epidural tumors All extensive primary intra-abdominal disease Two or more nodal areas on opposite sides of diaphragm
Stage IIIA	Localized, non-resectable abdominal disease
Stage IIIB	Widespread multi organ abdominal disease
Stage IV	Initial CNS or bone marrow involvement (< 25%)

Diagnostic results

The following finding(s) on performing biopsy and FISH are confirmatory for Burkitts lymphoma :

C-MYC (FISH)^[3]
Starry-sky pattern (histopathological specimen)^[4]

References

↑ Perkins AS, Friedberg JW (2008). "Burkitt lymphoma in adults". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program: 341–8. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2008.1.341. PMID 19074108.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Sandlund JT (2012). "Burkitt lymphoma: staging and response evaluation". Br J Haematol. 156 (6): 761–5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09026.x. PMC 3292702. PMID 22296338.
↑ Aquino G, Marra L, Cantile M, De Chiara A, Liguori G, Curcio MP; et al. (2013). "MYC chromosomal aberration in differential diagnosis between Burkitt and other aggressive lymphomas". Infect Agent Cancer. 8 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/1750-9378-8-37. PMC 3850004. PMID 24079473.
↑ Andrade-Filho Jde S (2014). "Analogies in medicine: starry-sky appearance". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 56 (6): 541–2. PMC 4296877. PMID 25351551.

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[pmid19074108-1] Perkins AS, Friedberg JW (2008). "Burkitt lymphoma in adults". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program: 341–8. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2008.1.341. PMID 19074108.

[pmid22296338-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Sandlund JT (2012). "Burkitt lymphoma: staging and response evaluation". Br J Haematol. 156 (6): 761–5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09026.x. PMC 3292702. PMID 22296338.

[pmid24079473-3] Aquino G, Marra L, Cantile M, De Chiara A, Liguori G, Curcio MP; et al. (2013). "MYC chromosomal aberration in differential diagnosis between Burkitt and other aggressive lymphomas". Infect Agent Cancer. 8 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/1750-9378-8-37. PMC 3850004. PMID 24079473.

[pmid25351551-4] Andrade-Filho Jde S (2014). "Analogies in medicine: starry-sky appearance". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 56 (6): 541–2. PMC 4296877. PMID 25351551.

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