Pleomorphic adenoma natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Pleomorphic adenoma usually presents as an asymptomatic disease.
- If symptomatic it presents as a slow growing, painless and a palpable single nodular mass.
- If left untreated patients with Pleomorphic adenoma may progress to malignant transformation.
Complications
Intra-operative complications include:
- Rupture of the capsule of the parotid tumor.
- Incomplete resection of the tumor.
- Facial nerve transection especially after superficial parotidectomy.[1]
Post-operative complications include:
- Haemorrhage or haematoma
- Infection at the site
- Trismus
- Parotid fistula
- Frey's syndrome[2]
- Hypoesthesia of the greater auricular nerve.[3]
Apart from the above mentioned other complications include facial disfigurement and multiple recurrences.
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent for most of the patients after surgical resection.
- Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary sometimes.
- Recurrence can be a problem if the tumor arises from the parotid gland.[4][5]
- 2-7% of cases can go into malignant transformation if left untreated.[6]
References
- ↑ Infante-Cossio, P; Gonzalez-Cardero, E; Garcia-Perla-Garcia, A.; Montes-Latorre, E; Gutierrez-Perez, JL; Prats-Golczer, E (2018). "Complications after superficial parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma". Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal: 0–0. doi:10.4317/medoral.22386. ISSN 1698-6946.
- ↑ Bjerkhoel A, Trobbe O (September 1997). "Frey's syndrome: treatment with botulinum toxin". J Laryngol Otol. 111 (9): 839–44. PMID 9373550.
- ↑ Hui, Yau; Wong, David S.Y; Wong, Ling-Yuen; Ho, Wai-Kuen; Wei, William I (2003). "A prospective controlled double-blind trial of great auricular nerve preservation at parotidectomy". The American Journal of Surgery. 185 (6): 574–579. doi:10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00068-0. ISSN 0002-9610.
- ↑ Laskawi R, Schott T, Schröder M (February 1998). "Recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland: clinical evaluation and long-term follow-up". Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 36 (1): 48–51. PMID 9578257.
- ↑ Wittekindt, Claus; Streubel, Kristina; Arnold, Georg; Stennert, Eberhard; Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando (2007). "Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: Analysis of 108 consecutive patients". Head & Neck. 29 (9): 822–828. doi:10.1002/hed.20613. ISSN 1043-3074.
- ↑ Said, Sherif; Campana, John (2005). "Myoepithelial carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: A problematic diagnosis". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 99 (2): 196–201. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.11.014. ISSN 1079-2104.