Sandbox:Qurrat
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
tab
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Comments | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | ||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | ||||||||||
Constipation/Diarrhea | Blood in stool | Abdominal pain | Other symptoms | Anemia | Tumor marker | Endoscopy | CT scan | Other imaging study | ||||
Adenocarcinoma | +/- | + | +/- | + | CEA+ |
|
|
|
Glandular structures, consisting of:[4]
|
Biopsy and histopathological analysis | ||
AVM[5] | ||||||||||||
Diverticulitis[6] | + |
|
|
|
||||||||
Hemorrhoid | ||||||||||||
Anal fissure | ||||||||||||
Infectious colitis | ||||||||||||
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome[7] | +/- | + | + |
|
+ | +/- |
|
|||||
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Comments | ||||||||
Symptoms | ||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | ||||||||||
Constipation/Diarrhea | Blood in stool | Abdominal pain | Other symptoms | Anemia | Tumor Markers | Colonoscopy | CT scan | Other imaging | ||||
Carcinoids[16] | Diarrhea | +/- | + | + |
|
|
|
|
||||
Juvenile Polyposis Coli[21] | Diarrhea | + | + |
|
+ | - |
|
|
Hamartomatous polyps on histopathological analysis |
|
| |
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)[26][27] | +/- | +/- | +/- |
|
+/- |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Hamartoms | in progress | |||||||||||
Colorectal Lymphoma[33] | ccomplete | |||||||||||
Kaposi's sarcoma | complete | |||||||||||
Ulcerative colitis[34] | Diarrhea | + | LLQ[34] |
|
|
|
|
|||||
Crohn's disease[34] | Diarrhea | LRQ[34] |
|
|
|
|
||||||
Irritable bowel syndrome | ||||||||||||
Appendicitis | ||||||||||||
Diseases | Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | Histopathology | Gold standard | Additional findings |
Strangulated hernia | ||||||||||||
Bowel endometriosis |
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | Physical examination | ||||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | |||||||||||||
Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Physical exam 2 | Physical exam 3 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Lab 3 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | ||||
Pulmonary Nodule(benign) | |||||||||||||||
Pulmonary Nodule (malignant) | |||||||||||||||
Infection | |||||||||||||||
Diseases | Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Physical exam 2 | Physical exam 3 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Lab 3 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | Histopathology | Gold standard | Additional findings |
Abscess | |||||||||||||||
Septic emboli | |||||||||||||||
Fungi | |||||||||||||||
Differential Diagnosis 1 | |||||||||||||||
Differential Diagnosis 2 | |||||||||||||||
Differential Diagnosis 3 | |||||||||||||||
Diseases | Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Physical exam 2 | Physical exam 3 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Lab 3 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | Histopathology | Gold standard | Additional findings |
Differential Diagnosis 4 | |||||||||||||||
Differential Diagnosis 5 | |||||||||||||||
Differential Diagnosis 6 |
Table for Differential Diagnosis of Small Intestine Cancer
ABBREVIATIONS:
N/A: Not available, NL: Normal,
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | |||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | |||||||||
Bowel
Frequency |
Blood in stool | Abd pain | Other symptoms | Hb | Tumor marker | Endoscopy | CT scan | Other diagnostic study | |||
Adenocarcinoma
of small intestine[4] |
↑↓ | + | +/- | ↓ | CEA+ |
|
|
|
|
Biopsy and histopathological analysis | |
Carcinoids[16][18][19][20][17] | ↑ | +/- | + | ↓ |
|
Infiltrating, ulcerating or fungating lesions in the wall of colon |
|
|
|
Biopsy and histopathological analysis | |
Intestinal Lymphoma[33][36] | - | +/- | + |
|
↓ | Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: CD-20 |
|
|
Biopsy and histopathological analysis | ||
Gastrointestinal | ↑↓ | +/- | - |
|
↓/- |
|
|
|
|
|
Endoscopic ultrasound withBiopsy and histopathological analysis |
Peutz-Jeghers | ↑↓ | + | + |
|
↓ | N/A |
|
|
| ||
Juvenile | ↑ | + | + |
|
↓ | N/A |
|
|
|
| |
Kaposi's sarcoma[37] | ↑ | + | + | ↓ | Localized purpuric lesion | N/A |
|
|
Biopsy | ||
Arteriovenous malformation[5] | - | + | - |
|
↓ | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
|
Accidental fining |
Infectious colitis[38] | ↑ | + | + | - | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
|
Stool culture | |
Hamartoma[39] | ↑ | + | + | - | S100 (mucosal Schwann cell hamartoma (MSCH) |
|
|
|
|
Biopsy | |
Ulcerative colitis[34][35] | ↑ | + | + |
|
↓ | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
|
Endoscopy and a mucosal biopsy |
Crohn's disease[34] | ↑ | + | + | ↓ | N/A |
|
N/A |
|
|
Endoscopy and a mucosal biopsy | |
Irritable bowel syndrome[40] | ↑↓ | + | + |
|
- | N/A | Not recommended | N/A |
|
|
Clinical diagnosis (Rome criteria) |
Bowel endometriosis[41] | ↓↑ | + | + |
|
↓ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Transvaginal ultrasonography |
Intestinal tuberculosis[42] | Chronic ↑ | +/- | + |
|
↓ | N/A |
|
|
|
Endoscopic biopsy and histopathology analysis | |
Peptic ulcer disease[48][49] | ↑↓ | + Melena | + |
|
↓ | N/A |
|
|
Endoscopic visualization of ulcer | ||
Pancreatic cancer[54][55][56] | Chronic ↑ | + | + |
|
↓ | Cancer-associated antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) |
|
|
|
|
Biopsy and histological analysis |
Gastric cancer | ↓/- | + Melena | + | ↓ |
|
|
|
Biopsy and histopathological analysis |
References
- ↑ Doubeni CA, Corley DA, Quinn VP, Jensen CD, Zauber AG, Goodman M, Johnson JR, Mehta SJ, Becerra TA, Zhao WK, Schottinger J, Doria-Rose VP, Levin TR, Weiss NS, Fletcher RH (February 2018). "Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from right and left colon cancer: a large community-based study". Gut. 67 (2): 291–298. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312712. PMID 27733426.
- ↑ Rathore, Saima; Hussain, Mutawarra; Ali, Ahmad; Khan, Asifullah (2013). "A Recent Survey on Colon Cancer Detection Techniques". IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. 10 (3): 545–563. doi:10.1109/TCBB.2013.84. ISSN 1545-5963.
- ↑ Weiss JM, Pfau PR, O'Connor ES, King J, LoConte N, Kennedy G; et al. (2011). "Mortality by stage for right- versus left-sided colon cancer: analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results--Medicare data". J Clin Oncol. 29 (33): 4401–9. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4414. PMC 3221523. PMID 21969498.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Secco GB, Fardelli R, Campora E, Lapertosa G, Gentile R, Zoli S, Prior C (1994). "Primary mucinous adenocarcinomas and signet-ring cell carcinomas of colon and rectum". Oncology. 51 (1): 30–4. doi:10.1159/000227306. PMID 8265100.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lee HH, Kwon HM, Gil S, Kim YS, Cho M, Seo KJ, Chae HS, Cho YS (2017). "Endoscopic resection of asymptomatic, colonic, polypoid arteriovenous malformations: Two case reports and a literature review". Saudi J Gastroenterol. 23 (1): 67–70. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.199111. PMC 5329980. PMID 28139503.
- ↑ Shen SH, Chen JD, Tiu CM, Chou YH, Chiang JH, Chang CY, Lee CH (September 2005). "Differentiating colonic diverticulitis from colon cancer: the value of computed tomography in the emergency setting". J Chin Med Assoc. 68 (9): 411–8. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70156-X. PMID 16187597.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Zhong ME, Niu BZ, Ji WY, Wu B (June 2016). "Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with synchronous rectal cancer". World J. Gastroenterol. 22 (22): 5293–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5293. PMID 27298573.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kopacova, Marcela; Tacheci, Ilja; Rejchrt, Stanislav; Bures, Jan (2009). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeuticapproach". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (43): 5397. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5397. ISSN 1007-9327.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Giardiello, F; Trimbath, J (2006). "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Management Recommendations". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 4 (4): 408–415. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2005.11.005. ISSN 1542-3565.
- ↑ "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".
- ↑ "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org".
- ↑ "Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Beggs, A. D.; Latchford, A. R.; Vasen, H. F. A.; Moslein, G.; Alonso, A.; Aretz, S.; Bertario, L.; Blanco, I.; Bulow, S.; Burn, J.; Capella, G.; Colas, C.; Friedl, W.; Moller, P.; Hes, F. J.; Jarvinen, H.; Mecklin, J.-P.; Nagengast, F. M.; Parc, Y.; Phillips, R. K. S.; Hyer, W.; Ponz de Leon, M.; Renkonen-Sinisalo, L.; Sampson, J. R.; Stormorken, A.; Tejpar, S.; Thomas, H. J. W.; Wijnen, J. T.; Clark, S. K.; Hodgson, S. V. (2010). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and recommendations for management". Gut. 59 (7): 975–986. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.198499. ISSN 0017-5749.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Kopacova, Marcela; Tacheci, Ilja; Rejchrt, Stanislav; Bures, Jan (2009). "Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeuticapproach". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (43): 5397. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5397. ISSN 1007-9327.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Chung TP, Hunt SR (May 2006). "Carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors of the colon and rectum". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 19 (2): 45–8. doi:10.1055/s-2006-942343. PMC 2780103. PMID 20011309.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/patient/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Rindi G, Falconi M, Klersy C, Albarello L, Boninsegna L, Buchler MW, Capella C, Caplin M, Couvelard A, Doglioni C, Delle Fave G, Fischer L, Fusai G, de Herder WW, Jann H, Komminoth P, de Krijger RR, La Rosa S, Luong TV, Pape U, Perren A, Ruszniewski P, Scarpa A, Schmitt A, Solcia E, Wiedenmann B (May 2012). "TNM staging of neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas: results from a large international cohort study". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 104 (10): 764–77. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs208. PMID 22525418.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Fang C, Wang W, Zhang Y, Feng X, Sun J, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen M, Zhou Z, Chen J (June 2017). "Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicenter study in South China". Chin J Cancer. 36 (1): 51. doi:10.1186/s40880-017-0218-3. PMC 5480192. PMID 28637502.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Grotsky HW, Rickert RR, Smith WD, Newsome JF (March 1982). "Familial juvenile polyposis coli. A clinical and pathologic study of a large kindred". Gastroenterology. 82 (3): 494–501. PMID 7054044.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Brosens LA, Langeveld D, van Hattem WA, Giardiello FM, Offerhaus GJ (November 2011). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome". World J. Gastroenterol. 17 (44): 4839–44. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i44.4839. PMC 3235625. PMID 22171123.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Latchford AR, Neale K, Phillips RK, Clark SK (October 2012). "Juvenile polyposis syndrome: a study of genotype, phenotype, and long-term outcome". Dis. Colon Rectum. 55 (10): 1038–43. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e31826278b3. PMID 22965402.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Niazi AK, Kaley K, Saif MW (May 2014). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of colon: a case report and review of literature". Anticancer Res. 34 (5): 2547–50. PMID 24778074.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Niazi AK, Kaley K, Saif MW (May 2014). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of colon: a case report and review of literature". Anticancer Res. 34 (5): 2547–50. PMID 24778074.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Miettinen M, Sobin LH, Lasota J (January 2005). "Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 1765 cases with long-term follow-up". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 29 (1): 52–68. PMID 15613856.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Kamiyama Y, Aihara R, Nakabayashi T, Mochiki E, Asao T, Kuwano H, Oriuchi N, Endo K (November 2005). "18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: useful technique for predicting malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors". World J Surg. 29 (11): 1429–35. doi:10.1007/s00268-005-0045-6. PMID 16222452.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O'Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW (April 2002). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach". Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 10 (2): 81–9. doi:10.1177/106689690201000201. PMID 12075401.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O'Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW (April 2002). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach". Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 10 (2): 81–9. doi:10.1177/106689690201000201. PMID 12075401.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Medeiros F, Corless CL, Duensing A, Hornick JL, Oliveira AM, Heinrich MC, Fletcher JA, Fletcher CD (July 2004). "KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors: proof of concept and therapeutic implications". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 28 (7): 889–94. PMID 15223958.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Quayle FJ, Lowney JK (May 2006). "Colorectal lymphoma". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 19 (2): 49–53. doi:10.1055/s-2006-942344. PMC 2780105. PMID 20011310.
- ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 34.11 Fakhoury M, Negrulj R, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H (2014). "Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and treatments". J Inflamm Res. 7: 113–20. doi:10.2147/JIR.S65979. PMC 4106026. PMID 25075198.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Collins P, Rhodes J (August 2006). "Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and management". BMJ. 333 (7563): 340–3. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7563.340. PMC 1539087. PMID 16902215.
- ↑ Quayle, Frank; Lowney, Jennifer (2006). "Colorectal Lymphoma". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 19 (2): 049–053. doi:10.1055/s-2006-942344. ISSN 1531-0043.
- ↑ Arora M, Goldberg EM (July 2010). "Kaposi sarcoma involving the gastrointestinal tract". Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 6 (7): 459–62. PMC 2933764. PMID 20827371.
- ↑ DuPont HL (January 2012). "Approach to the patient with infectious colitis". Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 28 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834d3208. PMID 22080825.
- ↑ Cauchin E, Touchefeu Y, Matysiak-Budnik T (September 2015). "Hamartomatous Tumors in the Gastrointestinal Tract". Gastrointest Tumors. 2 (2): 65–74. doi:10.1159/000437175. PMC 4668787. PMID 26672891.
- ↑ Iwańczak B, Iwańczak F (August 2017). "[Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents. The Rome IV criteria]". Pol. Merkur. Lekarski (in Polish). 43 (254): 75–82. PMID 28875974.
- ↑ Wolthuis AM, Meuleman C, Tomassetti C, D'Hooghe T, de Buck van Overstraeten A, D'Hoore A (November 2014). "Bowel endometriosis: colorectal surgeon's perspective in a multidisciplinary surgical team". World J. Gastroenterol. 20 (42): 15616–23. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15616. PMC 4229526. PMID 25400445.
- ↑ Bhansali SK (April 1977). "Abdominal tuberculosis. Experiences with 300 cases". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 67 (4): 324–37. PMID 879148.
- ↑ Das P, Shukla HS (December 1976). "Clinical diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis". Br J Surg. 63 (12): 941–6. PMID 1009343.
- ↑ Petrosyan M, Mason RJ (February 2006). "Tuberculous enteritis presenting as small-bowel obstruction". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4 (2): xxiii. PMID 16469667.
- ↑ Balthazar EJ, Gordon R, Hulnick D (March 1990). "Ileocecal tuberculosis: CT and radiologic evaluation". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154 (3): 499–503. doi:10.2214/ajr.154.3.2106212. PMID 2106212.
- ↑ Rathi P, Gambhire P (February 2016). "Abdominal Tuberculosis". J Assoc Physicians India. 64 (2): 38–47. PMID 27730779.
- ↑ Alvares JF, Devarbhavi H, Makhija P, Rao S, Kottoor R (April 2005). "Clinical, colonoscopic, and histological profile of colonic tuberculosis in a tertiary hospital". Endoscopy. 37 (4): 351–6. doi:10.1055/s-2005-861116. PMID 15824946.
- ↑ Ramakrishnan K, Salinas RC (October 2007). "Peptic ulcer disease". Am Fam Physician. 76 (7): 1005–12. PMID 17956071.
- ↑ Lu CL, Chang SS, Wang SS, Chang FY, Lee SD (July 2004). "Silent peptic ulcer disease: frequency, factors leading to "silence," and implications regarding the pathogenesis of visceral symptoms". Gastrointest. Endosc. 60 (1): 34–8. PMID 15229422.
- ↑ Chung KT, Shelat VG (January 2017). "Perforated peptic ulcer - an update". World J Gastrointest Surg. 9 (1): 1–12. doi:10.4240/wjgs.v9.i1.1. PMC 5237817. PMID 28138363.
- ↑ Cotton PB, Shorvon PJ (May 1984). "Analysis of endoscopy and radiography in the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of peptic ulcer disease". Clin Gastroenterol. 13 (2): 383–403. PMID 6378443.
- ↑ Tonolini M, Ierardi AM, Bracchi E, Magistrelli P, Vella A, Carrafiello G (October 2017). "Non-perforated peptic ulcer disease: multidetector CT findings, complications, and differential diagnosis". Insights Imaging. 8 (5): 455–469. doi:10.1007/s13244-017-0562-5. PMC 5621988. PMID 28677101.
- ↑ Cotton PB, Shorvon PJ (May 1984). "Analysis of endoscopy and radiography in the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of peptic ulcer disease". Clin Gastroenterol. 13 (2): 383–403. PMID 6378443.
- ↑ Hruban RH, Adsay NV, Albores-Saavedra J, Compton C, Garrett ES, Goodman SN, Kern SE, Klimstra DS, Klöppel G, Longnecker DS, Lüttges J, Offerhaus GJ (May 2001). "Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: a new nomenclature and classification system for pancreatic duct lesions". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 25 (5): 579–86. PMID 11342768.
- ↑ Hruban RH, Takaori K, Klimstra DS, Adsay NV, Albores-Saavedra J, Biankin AV, Biankin SA, Compton C, Fukushima N, Furukawa T, Goggins M, Kato Y, Klöppel G, Longnecker DS, Lüttges J, Maitra A, Offerhaus GJ, Shimizu M, Yonezawa S (August 2004). "An illustrated consensus on the classification of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 28 (8): 977–87. PMID 15252303.
- ↑ Karlson BM, Ekbom A, Lindgren PG, Källskog V, Rastad J (October 1999). "Abdominal US for diagnosis of pancreatic tumor: prospective cohort analysis". Radiology. 213 (1): 107–11. doi:10.1148/radiology.213.1.r99oc25107. PMID 10540649.
- ↑ Nino-Murcia M, Jeffrey RB, Beaulieu CF, Li KC, Rubin GD (March 2001). "Multidetector CT of the pancreas and bile duct system: value of curved planar reformations". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176 (3): 689–93. doi:10.2214/ajr.176.3.1760689. PMID 11222206.
- ↑ Fulcher AS, Turner MA (1999). "MR pancreatography: a useful tool for evaluating pancreatic disorders". Radiographics. 19 (1): 5–24, discussion 41–4, quiz 148–9. doi:10.1148/radiographics.19.1.g99ja045. PMID 9925389.
- ↑ Niederau C, Grendell JH (1992). "Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Imaging techniques and tumor markers". Pancreas. 7 (1): 66–86. PMID 1557348.
- ↑ Pleskow DK, Berger HJ, Gyves J, Allen E, McLean A, Podolsky DK (May 1989). "Evaluation of a serologic marker, CA19-9, in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer". Ann. Intern. Med. 110 (9): 704–9. PMID 2930108.
- ↑ Porta M, Fabregat X, Malats N, Guarner L, Carrato A, de Miguel A, Ruiz L, Jariod M, Costafreda S, Coll S, Alguacil J, Corominas JM, Solà R, Salas A, Real FX (June 2005). "Exocrine pancreatic cancer: symptoms at presentation and their relation to tumour site and stage". Clin Transl Oncol. 7 (5): 189–97. PMID 15960930.
- ↑ Kalser MH, Barkin J, MacIntyre JM (July 1985). "Pancreatic cancer. Assessment of prognosis by clinical presentation". Cancer. 56 (2): 397–402. PMID 4005804.
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 Bakkevold KE, Arnesjø B, Kambestad B (April 1992). "Carcinoma of the pancreas and papilla of Vater: presenting symptoms, signs, and diagnosis related to stage and tumour site. A prospective multicentre trial in 472 patients. Norwegian Pancreatic Cancer Trial". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 27 (4): 317–25. PMID 1589710.
- ↑ Porta M, Fabregat X, Malats N, Guarner L, Carrato A, de Miguel A, Ruiz L, Jariod M, Costafreda S, Coll S, Alguacil J, Corominas JM, Solà R, Salas A, Real FX (June 2005). "Exocrine pancreatic cancer: symptoms at presentation and their relation to tumour site and stage". Clin Transl Oncol. 7 (5): 189–97. PMID 15960930.
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2016). "Cancer statistics, 2016". CA Cancer J Clin. 66 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21332. PMID 26742998.
- ↑ Ajani JA, Bentrem DJ, Besh S, D'Amico TA, Das P, Denlinger C; et al. (2013). "Gastric cancer, version 2.2013: featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines". J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 11 (5): 531–46. PMID 23667204.
- ↑ Luo T, Chen W, Wang L, Zhao H (2016). "CA125 is a potential biomarker to predict surgically incurable gastric and cardia cancer: A retrospective study". Medicine (Baltimore). 95 (51): e5297. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005297. PMC 5181804. PMID 28002320.
- ↑ Ucar E, Semerci E, Ustun H, Yetim T, Huzmeli C, Gullu M (2008). "Prognostic value of preoperative CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, and AFP levels in gastric cancer". Adv Ther. 25 (10): 1075–84. doi:10.1007/s12325-008-0100-4. PMID 18821070.
- ↑ Kono K, Amemiya H, Sekikawa T, Iizuka H, Takahashi A, Fujii H; et al. (2002). "Clinicopathologic features of gastric cancers producing alpha-fetoprotein". Dig Surg. 19 (5): 359–65, discussion 365. doi:10.1159/000065838. PMID 12435906.
- ↑ Graham DY, Schwartz JT, Cain GD, Gyorkey F (February 1982). "Prospective evaluation of biopsy number in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric carcinoma". Gastroenterology. 82 (2): 228–31. PMID 7054024.
- ↑ Sussman SK, Halvorsen RA, Illescas FF, Cohan RH, Saeed M, Silverman PM; et al. (1988). "Gastric adenocarcinoma: CT versus surgical staging". Radiology. 167 (2): 335–40. doi:10.1148/radiology.167.2.3357941. PMID 3357941.
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