Neurofibroma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2] Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]

Overview

Neurofibroma must be differentiated from:^[1]

Schwannoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
Ganglioneuroma
Melanocytic nevus
Myxoid liposarcoma
Solitary circumscribed neuroma (palisaded encapsulated neuroma)
Traumatic neuroma
Neurotized nevus
Superficial angiomyxoma
Nerve sheath myxoma
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST): has marked atypia and increased mitotic activity, may have necrosis
Spindle cell lipoma
Leiomyoma: has cigar-shaped nuclei, S100 negative, positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: reactive spindle cells in inflammatory background

Differentiating neurofibroma from other diseases
Disease entity	Etiology (Genetic or other)	Histopathological findings	Immunohistochemical staining	Benign/Malignant	Risk factors	Common site of involvement	Clinical manifestations	Other associated features
Neurofibroma
Schwannoma
Palisaded encapsulated neuroma
Traumatic neuroma
Neurotized Melanocytic Nevus
Cutaneous Myxoma (Superficial angiomyxoma)
Nerve sheath myxoma
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
Spindle cell lipoma