Galeazzi fracture
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].
Overview
The Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is an orthopedic injury pattern with the following definition:
- An isolated fractures of the distal 1/3 radius shaft
- Associated distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) injury
Historical Perspective
In 1822, Sir Astley Cooper worked on the dislocations and Fracture of human body.
In 1934, Riccardo Galeazzi , an Italian surgeon at the Instituto de Rachitici in Milan, reported on his experience with 18 fractures with with close similarities to the Monteggia lesion.
In 1941, Campbell termed the Galeazzi fracture the "fracture of necessity".
In 1957, Hughston presented the definitive management of the Galeazzi fracture.
Causes
The main etiology of the Galeazzi fracture is thought to be an axial loading may be placed on a hyperpronated forearm during falling onto an outstretched hand with an extended wrist and hyperpronated forearm. Because at this posture the energy from the radius fracture transmitted towards the radioulnar joint cause the dislocation of the DRUJ.
Differentiating Galeazzi fracture fracture from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Galeazzi fractures account for around 3-7% of all forearm fractures in adults. Normally, 25% of the radial shaft fractures are true Galeazzi injuries. The most common risk factors for the Galeazzi fracture are: sports (football and wrestling), osteoporosis, and post-menopausal time; consequently, These risk factors cause the highest occurrence in young males (10:10,000) and elderly females (5:10,000). The peak incidence in children is the age of 9 to 12.