Carcinoid syndrome CT

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [3]

Overview

Chest CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor. On high-resolution CT scan of the chest, peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumor is characterized by a solitary and round pulmonary nodule with a lobulated margin, whereas bronchial carcinoid tumor is characterized by a single well-defined, round or ovoid, hilar or perihilar mass with marked homogenous enhancement. On CT scan of the neck, thymic carcinoid tumor is characterized by a mass with heterogeneous attenuation.

CT is poor in detecting primary carcinoid tumor but helpful in evaluating the extent of tumour spread before surgical exploration.^[1]
Most common finding is liver metastases.
Mesenteric metastases and retroperitoneal adenopathy can also be detected.
Carcinoid tumor that have infiltrated the mesentery have a characteristic CT appearance as a ill-defined mesenteric mass containing calcification in up to 70% of cases.^[2]
Three-dimensional CT angiography detects mesenteric mass and its relationship to the vessels which is important for surgical planning.

Findings on neck CT scan suggestive of thymic carcinoid tumor include:^[6]

↑ Sugimoto E, Lörelius LE, Eriksson B, Oberg K (July 1995). "Midgut carcinoid tumours. CT appearance". Acta Radiol. 36 (4): 367–71. PMID 7619613.
↑ Cockey BM, Fishman EK, Jones B, Siegelman SS (1985). "Computed tomography of abdominal carcinoid tumor". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 9 (1): 38–42. PMID 3968277.
↑ Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumour. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/peripheral-pulmonary-carcinoid-tumour
↑ Bronchial carcinoid tumour. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/bronchial-carcinoid-tumour
↑ Jeung MY, Gasser B, Gangi A, Charneau D, Ducroq X, Kessler R, Quoix E, Roy C (2002). "Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: spectrum of radiologic findings". Radiographics. 22 (2): 351–65. doi:10.1148/radiographics.22.2.g02mr01351. PMID 11896225.
↑ Thymic carcinoid tumour. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody and Dr Mohammad Taghi Niknejad et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/thymic-carcinoid-tumour
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Image courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia (original file [1]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC