Ovarian cancer screening
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- There are no recommendations for screening ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women although better outcome is associated with early diagnosis[1]
- Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related mortality in women
- 75% of women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed in an advanced stage
- Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer[2]
- The reason of increased mortality and late detection of ovarian cancer in its advanced stage is because the screening systems that are being used have poor or limited sensitivity and specificity[1].
- Biomarkers from peritoneal fluid can be used as a mean of ealy detection of ovarian cancer but this is stil an emerging proof.
- Examples of screening and diagnostic methods for ovarian cancer include:
- Pelvic examination
- Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) tumor marker
- Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU)
- Multimarker panels and bioinformatic analysis of proteomic patterns[2]
- The UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS)is evaluating a multimodal screening strategy (MMS) efficacy which consists of:
- annual CA 125 screening, risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA), TVU [2]
- Patients with family history of ovarian cancer or breast cancer
- Screening for Ovarian cancer hereditary syndrome as breast-ovarian cancer syndrome associated with
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations
- Lynch II syndrome
- Should undergo the following:
- Annual rectovaginal pelvic examinations
- CA 125
- TVU until childbearing is completed or at least until age 35 years, at which time prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy is recommended
- Screening for Ovarian cancer hereditary syndrome as breast-ovarian cancer syndrome associated with
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Galea M, Gauci G, Calleja-Agius J, Schembri-Wismayer P (2017). "Peritoneal biomarkers in the early detection of ovarian cancer". Minerva Ginecol. 69 (1): 84–99. doi:10.23736/S0026-4784.16.03943-5. PMID 27284942.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Fedewa SA, Manassaram-Baptiste D, Saslow D; et al. (2017). "Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening". CA Cancer J Clin. 67 (2): 100–121. doi:10.3322/caac.21392. PMID 28170086.