Hepatopulmonary syndrome MRI
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
There are no MRI findings associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of cirrhosis.
MRI
There are no MRI findings associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of cirrhosis, which include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
- Differentiates regenerating or dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma [7][1][8][9]
- Portal vein thrombosis (MR angiography)[10]
- Iron overload (decreased signal intensity on MRI)
- Fibrosis, and cirrhosis severity.[11][12][13]
- Portal hypertension:[14][15][16][17]
- Cirrhotic liver, as shrinkage and atrophy in liver
- Re-canalized umbilical vein--pathognomonic
- Dilated portal vein and/or splanchnic veins
- Esophageal varices
- Collaterals in any abdominal organ
- Splenomegaly
- Ascites
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ito K, Mitchell DG, Hann HW, Kim Y, Fujita T, Okazaki H, Honjo K, Matsunaga N (1999). "Viral-induced cirrhosis: grading of severity using MR imaging". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173 (3): 591–6. doi:10.2214/ajr.173.3.10470885. PMID 10470885.
- ↑ Ernst O, Sergent G, Bonvarlet P, Canva-Delcambre V, Paris JC, L'Herminé C (1997). "Hepatic iron overload: diagnosis and quantification with MR imaging". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 168 (5): 1205–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.168.5.9129412. PMID 9129412.
- ↑ Gandon Y, Guyader D, Heautot JF, Reda MI, Yaouanq J, Buhé T, Brissot P, Carsin M, Deugnier Y (1994). "Hemochromatosis: diagnosis and quantification of liver iron with gradient-echo MR imaging". Radiology. 193 (2): 533–8. doi:10.1148/radiology.193.2.7972774. PMID 7972774.
- ↑ Ito K, Mitchell DG, Gabata T, Hussain SM (1999). "Expanded gallbladder fossa: simple MR imaging sign of cirrhosis". Radiology. 211 (3): 723–6. doi:10.1148/radiology.211.3.r99ma31723. PMID 10352597.
- ↑ Ito K, Mitchell DG, Hann HW, Outwater EK, Kim Y, Fujita T, Okazaki H, Honjo K, Matsunaga N (1998). "Progressive viral-induced cirrhosis: serial MR imaging findings and clinical correlation". Radiology. 207 (3): 729–35. doi:10.1148/radiology.207.3.9609897. PMID 9609897.
- ↑ Finn JP, Kane RA, Edelman RR, Jenkins RL, Lewis WD, Muller M, Longmaid HE (1993). "Imaging of the portal venous system in patients with cirrhosis: MR angiography vs duplex Doppler sonography". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161 (5): 989–94. doi:10.2214/ajr.161.5.8273643. PMID 8273643.
- ↑ Bonkovsky HL, Rubin RB, Cable EE, Davidoff A, Rijcken TH, Stark DD (1999). "Hepatic iron concentration: noninvasive estimation by means of MR imaging techniques". Radiology. 212 (1): 227–34. doi:10.1148/radiology.212.1.r99jl35227. PMID 10405746.
- ↑ Choi D, Kim SH, Lim JH, Cho JM, Lee WJ, Lee SJ, Lim HK (2001). "Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: combined T2-weighted and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI versus combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 25 (5): 777–85. PMID 11584240.
- ↑ Qayyum A, Goh JS, Kakar S, Yeh BM, Merriman RB, Coakley FV (2005). "Accuracy of liver fat quantification at MR imaging: comparison of out-of-phase gradient-echo and fat-saturated fast spin-echo techniques--initial experience". Radiology. 237 (2): 507–11. doi:10.1148/radiol.2372040539. PMID 16244259.
- ↑ Finn JP, Kane RA, Edelman RR, Jenkins RL, Lewis WD, Muller M, Longmaid HE (1993). "Imaging of the portal venous system in patients with cirrhosis: MR angiography vs duplex Doppler sonography". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 161 (5): 989–94. PMID 8273643. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
- ↑ Ito K, Mitchell DG, Hann HW, Kim Y, Fujita T, Okazaki H, Honjo K, Matsunaga N (1999). "Viral-induced cirrhosis: grading of severity using MR imaging". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 173 (3): 591–6. PMID 10470885. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
- ↑ Ito K, Mitchell DG, Gabata T, Hussain SM (1999). "Expanded gallbladder fossa: simple MR imaging sign of cirrhosis". Radiology. 211 (3): 723–6. PMID 10352597. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
- ↑ Ito K, Mitchell DG, Hann HW, Outwater EK, Kim Y, Fujita T, Okazaki H, Honjo K, Matsunaga N (1998). "Progressive viral-induced cirrhosis: serial MR imaging findings and clinical correlation". Radiology. 207 (3): 729–35. PMID 9609897. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
- ↑ Procopet, Bogdan; Berzigotti, Annalisa (2017). "Diagnosis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension: imaging, non-invasive markers of fibrosis and liver biopsy". Gastroenterology Report. 5 (2): 79–89. doi:10.1093/gastro/gox012. ISSN 2052-0034.
- ↑ Aagaard, J; Jensen, LI; Sorensen, TI; Christensen, U; Burcharth, F (1982). "Recanalized umbilical vein in portal hypertension". American Journal of Roentgenology. 139 (6): 1107–1110. doi:10.2214/ajr.139.6.1107. ISSN 0361-803X.
- ↑ Cho, K C; Patel, Y D; Wachsberg, R H; Seeff, J (1995). "Varices in portal hypertension: evaluation with CT". RadioGraphics. 15 (3): 609–622. doi:10.1148/radiographics.15.3.7624566. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ Bandali, Murad Feroz; Mirakhur, Anirudh; Lee, Edward Wolfgang; Ferris, Mollie Clarke; Sadler, David James; Gray, Robin Ritchie; Wong, Jason Kam (2017). "Portal hypertension: Imaging of portosystemic collateral pathways and associated image-guided therapy". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 23 (10): 1735. doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i10.1735. ISSN 1007-9327.