Amyloidosis physical examination

Amyloidosis Microchapters
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Classification • Primary amyloidosis • Secondary amyloidosis • Familial amyloidosis • Wild-type (senile) amyloidosis • Cardiac amyloidosis • Beta-2 microglobulin related amyloidosis • Gelsolin related amyloidosis • Lysozyme amyloid related amyloidosis • Leucocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 related amyloidosis • Fibrinogen A alpha-chain associated amyloidosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common findings in amyloidosis include petechiae, ecchymosis, parotid gland enlargement, increased intraocular pressure, enlarged tongue, hepatomegaly, carpal tunnel syndrome, and Raynaud's phenomenon.

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with amyloidosis usually appear normal.

Vital signs

• Hypertension
• Tachycardia

Skin

• Petechiae (small red blood spots)
• Ecchymoses (small, flat blood spots that are round or irregular shape and bluish/purplish in colour)
• Waxy papular nodules can be seen around the eye lids, neck and also in the groin
• Brittle nails.
• Edema due to heart failure
• Patches of hair loss
• Nail dystrophy
• Cutis laxa

HEENT

• Parotid gland enlargement
• Submandibular gland enlargement
• Peri-orbital purpura
• Raised intraocular pressure may be present.
• Enlarged tongue
• Macroglossia

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Neck

• Neck examination of patients with amyloidosis is usually normal.

Lungs

• Pulmonary examination of patients with amyloidosis is usually normal.

Heart

• Cardiovascular examination of patients with amyloidosis is usually normal.

Abdomen

• Hepatomegaly

Back

• Back examination of patients with amyloidosis is usually normal.

Genitourinary

• Genitourinary examination of patients with amyloidosis is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

• Neuromuscular examination of patients with amyloidosis is usually normal.

Extremities

• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Numbness of the fingers and toes
• Raynaud phenomenon

Macular Amyloidosis

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  Macular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

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  Macular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

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  Macular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

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  Macular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

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  Macular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

Nodular Amyloidosis

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  Nodular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

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  Nodular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

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  Nodular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas

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  Nodular Amyloidosis
  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas