Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Keri Shafer, M.D. [3]; Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [4]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [5]

Overview

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection should be differentiated from other cyanotic congenital heart diseases found in the pediatrics population.

Differentiating Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection from other Diseases

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection should be differentiated from other cyanotic congenital heart diseases found in the pediatrics population. These disorders include:


Disorders	Etiology	Clinical Presentation	Laboratory Findings	Electrocardiogram Findings	Echocardiography Findings	X-Ray Findings
Tetralogy of Fallot ^[1]^[2]	Multifactorial Genetic polymorphisms Maternal rubella Poor prenatal nutrition Maternal alcohol use Maternal diabetes	Cyanosis on exertion Exertional dyspnea Palpitations Fatigue	CBC: Anemia or polycythemia. Coagulation profile. Arterial blood gas: Low oxygen saturation and acidosis	Right ventricular hypertrophy Right bundle branch block Tachycardia Rate of QRS change predicts ventricular arrhythmia	Echocardiography may show: Residual VSD or ASD RV outflow tract obstruction Abnormal valvular anatomy
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection ^[3]^[4]^[5]	Multifactorial Genetic polymorphisms Maternal rubella Poor prenatal nutrition Maternal alcohol use Maternal diabetes	Tachypnea Palpitations Cyanosis Failure to thrive	Arterial blood gas: Low oxygen saturation and acidosis Coagulation profile.	Right ventricular hypertrophy with a qR pattern	Right ventricular hypertrophy Right ventricular loading Paradoxical septal motion	Prominence of the pulmonary arteries Mild enlargement of heart The classic snowman sign is seen in supracardiac subtype
Tricuspid Atresia ^[6]^[7]	Multifactorial Genetic polymorphisms Maternal rubella Poor prenatal nutrition Maternal alcohol use Maternal diabetes	Respiratory difficulties as nasal flaring or muscle retractions Cyanosis Growth retradation	Arterial blood gases CBC: Polycythemia Coagulation profile	Tall P waves indicate atrial enlargement. First-degree atrioventricular block. Frontal plane QRS axis may be leftward.	Echocardiography may show Defect size Pulmonary blood flow Ventricular function Valve abnormalities	Smooth convexity of right heart border is absent Lower part of right heart border is limited to the spine Prominency of the pulmonary artery depends on their blood flow Cardiac size may be normal or enlarged
Transposition of the Great Arteries ^[8]^[9]	Multifactorial Genetic polymorphisms Poor prenatal nutrition Maternal alcohol use Maternal diabetes	Prominent cyanosis within hours of birth Congestive heart failure	Arterial blood gases: Hypoxemia Hyperoxia test	Right ventricular hypertrophy Right axis deviation Varying degrees of AV block Q waves	Echocardiography may show: Relationship between great vessels Associated anatomic lesions Coronary artery origin and branches

References

↑ Morris, Douglas C.; Felner, Joel M.; Schlant, Robert C.; Franch, Robert H. (1975). "Echocardiographic diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot". The American Journal of Cardiology. 36 (7): 908–913. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(75)90081-8. ISSN 0002-9149.
↑ Kothari SS (October 1992). "Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot--the missing link?". Int. J. Cardiol. 37 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90125-m. PMID 1428277.
↑ Zhang, Ziming; Zhang, Li; Xie, Feng; Wang, Bing; Sun, Zhengxing; Kong, Shuangshuang; Wang, Xinfang; Dong, Nianguo; Wang, Guohua; Lv, Qing; Li, Yuman; Li, Ling; Xie, Mingxing (2016). "Echocardiographic diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connections". Medicine. 95 (44): e5389. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005389. ISSN 0025-7974.
↑ Chen JT (October 1979). "Radiologic demonstration of anomalous pulmonary venous connection and its clinical significance". CRC Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 11 (4): 383–422. PMID 389559.
↑ Gathman, Gary E.; Nadas, Alexander S. (1970). "Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection". Circulation. 42 (1): 143–154. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.42.1.143. ISSN 0009-7322.
↑ Beppu, S; Nimura, Y; Tamai, M; Nagata, S; Matsuo, H; Kawashima, Y; Kozuka, T; Sakakibara, H (1978). "Two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing tricuspid atresia. Differentiation from other hypoplastic right heart syndromes and common atrioventricular canal". Heart. 40 (10): 1174–1183. doi:10.1136/hrt.40.10.1174. ISSN 1355-6037.
↑ Thiene G, Anderson RH (1981). "The clinical morphology of tricuspid atresia. Atresia of the right atrioventricular valve". G Ital Cardiol. 11 (12): 1845–59. PMID 7049815.
↑ Mahle, William T.; Gonzalez, Javier H.; Kreeger, Joseph; Marx, Gerald; Duldani, Gul; Silverman, Norman H. (2013). "Echocardiography of transposition of the great arteries". Cardiology in the Young. 22 (6): 664–670. doi:10.1017/S1047951112001503. ISSN 1047-9511.
↑ Warnes, Carole A. (2006). "Transposition of the Great Arteries". Circulation. 114 (24): 2699–2709. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592352. ISSN 0009-7322.

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[MorrisFelner1975-1] Morris, Douglas C.; Felner, Joel M.; Schlant, Robert C.; Franch, Robert H. (1975). "Echocardiographic diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot". The American Journal of Cardiology. 36 (7): 908–913. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(75)90081-8. ISSN 0002-9149.

[pmid1428277-2] Kothari SS (October 1992). "Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot--the missing link?". Int. J. Cardiol. 37 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90125-m. PMID 1428277.

[ZhangZhang2016-3] Zhang, Ziming; Zhang, Li; Xie, Feng; Wang, Bing; Sun, Zhengxing; Kong, Shuangshuang; Wang, Xinfang; Dong, Nianguo; Wang, Guohua; Lv, Qing; Li, Yuman; Li, Ling; Xie, Mingxing (2016). "Echocardiographic diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connections". Medicine. 95 (44): e5389. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005389. ISSN 0025-7974.

[pmid389559-4] Chen JT (October 1979). "Radiologic demonstration of anomalous pulmonary venous connection and its clinical significance". CRC Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 11 (4): 383–422. PMID 389559.

[GathmanNadas1970-5] Gathman, Gary E.; Nadas, Alexander S. (1970). "Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection". Circulation. 42 (1): 143–154. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.42.1.143. ISSN 0009-7322.

[BeppuNimura1978-6] Beppu, S; Nimura, Y; Tamai, M; Nagata, S; Matsuo, H; Kawashima, Y; Kozuka, T; Sakakibara, H (1978). "Two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing tricuspid atresia. Differentiation from other hypoplastic right heart syndromes and common atrioventricular canal". Heart. 40 (10): 1174–1183. doi:10.1136/hrt.40.10.1174. ISSN 1355-6037.

[pmid7049815-7] Thiene G, Anderson RH (1981). "The clinical morphology of tricuspid atresia. Atresia of the right atrioventricular valve". G Ital Cardiol. 11 (12): 1845–59. PMID 7049815.

[MahleGonzalez2013-8] Mahle, William T.; Gonzalez, Javier H.; Kreeger, Joseph; Marx, Gerald; Duldani, Gul; Silverman, Norman H. (2013). "Echocardiography of transposition of the great arteries". Cardiology in the Young. 22 (6): 664–670. doi:10.1017/S1047951112001503. ISSN 1047-9511.

[Warnes2006-9] Warnes, Carole A. (2006). "Transposition of the Great Arteries". Circulation. 114 (24): 2699–2709. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592352. ISSN 0009-7322.

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Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection differential diagnosis

Overview

Differentiating Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection from other Diseases

References

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