Pacemaker syndrome historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Since the implantation of artificial pacemaker in 1958, cases of decreased cardiac output due to ventricular pacing have been reported. Majority of the patients had increased total peripheral resistance due to aortic and carotid reflexes activity resulting from reduced cardiac output.

Historical Perspective

• Pacemaker syndrome was first described in 1969 by Mitsui et al. as a collection of symptoms associated with right ventricular pacing.

• The name pacemaker syndrome was first coined by Erbel in 1979.

• Since its first discovery, there have been many definitions of pacemaker syndrome, and the understanding of the cause of pacemaker syndrome is still under investigation.

• In a general sense, pacemaker syndrome can be defined as the symptoms associated with right ventricular pacing relieved with the return of A-V and V-V synchrony.

• In 1994 Furman redefined pacemaker syndrome to include loss of AV synchrony, retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction and absence of rate response to general physiologic requirement.