Premature ventricular contraction epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2] Homa Najafi, M.D.[3]
Overview
The prevalence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) varies between 100 to 400 per 100,000 individuals worldwide on standard 12-lead electrocardiography and 4000 to 7500 per 100,000 individuals on 24- to 48-hour Holter monitoring. Patients of all age groups may develop PVC and the incidence increases with age. African- American individuals are more likely to develop PVCs. Men are more commonly developed the disease than women.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of PVCs varies between 100 to 400 per 100,000 individuals worldwide on standard 12-lead electrocardiography and 4000 to 7500 per 100,000 individuals on 24- to 48-hour Holter monitoring.[1][2]
Age
Race
Gender
PVCs are common with an estimated prevalence of 1% to 4% in the general population.5 In a normal healthy population, PVCs have been detected in 1% of subjects on standard 12-lead electrocardiography and between 40% and 75% of subjects on 24- to 48-hour Holter monitoring.6 Their prevalence is generally age-dependent,1 ranging from <1% in children <11 years7 to 69% in subjects >75 years.8 Commonly thought to be a benign entity,4,5 the concept of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy was proposed by Duffee et al9 in 1998 when pharmacological suppression of PVCs in patients with presumed idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy subsequently improved left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Many of these patients often have no underlying structural heart disease and subsequently develop LV dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy; in cases of those with an already impaired LV function from underlying structural heart disease, worsening of LV function may occur.10,11 The exact prevalence of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy is not known; it is an underappreciated cause of LV dysfunction, and it is primarily observed in older patients.12 This observation could be due to the fact that the prevalence of PVCs increases with age or the possibility that PVC-induced cardiomyopathy develops in a time-dependent fashion.12 In fact, Niwano et al13 demonstrated progressive worsening of LV function in patients with frequent PVCs (>1000 beats/day) as measured by the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV end-diastolic dimension over a follow-up period of 4 to 8 years
References
- ↑ Ng, G A. (2006). "Treating patients with ventricular ectopic beats". Heart. 92 (11): 1707–1712. doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.067843. ISSN 1355-6037.
- ↑ Kennedy, Harold L.; Whitlock, James A.; Sprague, Michael K.; Kennedy, Lisa J.; Buckingham, Thomas A.; Goldberg, Robert J. (1985). "Long-Term Follow-up of Asymptomatic Healthy Subjects with Frequent and Complex Ventricular Ectopy". New England Journal of Medicine. 312 (4): 193–197. doi:10.1056/NEJM198501243120401. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ "ACC/AHA/HRS 2006 Key Data Elements and Definitions for Electrophysiological Studies and Procedures". Circulation. 114 (23): 2534–2570. 2006. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.180199. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ Simpson, Ross J.; Cascio, Wayne E.; Schreiner, Pamela J.; Crow, Richard S.; Rautaharju, Pentti M.; Heiss, Gerardo (2002). "Prevalence of premature ventricular contractions in a population of African American and white men and women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study". American Heart Journal. 143 (3): 535–540. doi:10.1067/mhj.2002.120298. ISSN 0002-8703.