Pacemaker syndrome differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2] Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Patients with pacemaker syndrome present with varied symptoms resulting from dyssynchrony between atria and ventricles. Pacemaker syndrome should be differentiated from the following diseases:Acute coronary syndrome, failed pacemaker, hypothyroidism, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, arrhythmias (especially supraventricular tachycardias), hyperthyroidism, pulmonary embolism, and carotid sinus hypersensitivity.
Differentiating Pacemaker syndrome from other Diseases
Patients with pacemaker syndrome present with varied symptoms resulting from dyssynchrony between atria and ventricles.
Presenting symptoms include:
- Dyspnea
- Edema
- Orthopnea
- Symptoms of low cardiac output like weakness, fatigue, lightheadedness and dyspnea on exertion
- Hypotension
- Shock
- Orthostatic changes
- Syncope
- Dizziness
- Right upper quadrant pain
- Headaches
- Palpitations
- Easy fatigability
Pacemaker syndrome should be differentiated from the following diseases:
- Consider Pacemaker Syndrome as a differential diagnosis in a patient with implanted ventricular pacemaker who develops new neurological or cardiovascular symptoms
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Failed pacemaker
- Hypothyroidism
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Arrhythmias (especially supraventricular tachycardias)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Pulmonary embolism
- Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
Differentiating [disease name] from other diseases on the basis of [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]
On the basis [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3], [disease name] must be differentiated from [disease 1], [disease 2], [disease 3], [disease 4], [disease 5], and [disease 6].
| Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | Physical examination | ||||||||||||||
| Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | |||||||||||||
| Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Physical exam 2 | Physical exam 3 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Lab 3 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | ||||
| Differential Diagnosis 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Diseases | Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Physical exam 2 | Physical exam 3 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Lab 3 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | Histopathology | Gold standard | Additional findings |
| Differential Diagnosis 4 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 5 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 6 | |||||||||||||||