Sandbox: ifrah

Synonyms and keywords: Diabetes; Diabetes insipidus; Diabetes insipidus; Congenital nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus; Cranial Diabetes insipidus; nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus; non-nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus; renal Diabetes mellitus type 1

Definition

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that results in dysregulation of blood sugar in the body.

Types

• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

• Sudden onset
• Age: Any age, but mostly young
• ketoacidosis common
• Endogenous insulin low or absent

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

• Gradual onset
• Age: Mostly adults
  • May occur in younger individuals
• Ketoacidosis rare
• Endogenous insulin may be
  1. normal
  2. increased or
  3. decreased

Symptoms

• Diabetes mellitus is usually asymptomatic.
• Symptoms of Diabetes may include the following:

• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Polyphagia
• Fatigue

Pathophysiology

Combination of factors

• Insulin deficiency
• Development of relative insulin resistance

Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance may be due to an inherent genetic risk factor. Insulin resistance may become more severe with increasing weight and age. It results in impaired glucose tolerance and overt hyperglycemia. Overt hyperglycemia may itself result in a toxic effect on beta cells by decreasing insulin gene expression.