Template:MAH
"sandbox:MAH"
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Rickets Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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MAH On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of MAH |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Rickets Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
MAH On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of MAH |
Overview
Rickets is a bony disease due to decreased mineralization of growth plate, associated with abnormal serum calcium and phosphate level[1]. This leads to softening of bones.Rickets is more common in children especially in developing countries due to malnutrition and famines. It can also occur in adults and similar presentation in adults is termed as osteomalacia. The origin of the word "rickets" is unknown. The Greek derived word "rachitis" (meaning "inflammation of the spine") was later adopted as the scientific term for rickets, due chiefly to the words' similarity in sound.
Historical Perspective
Classification
There are 3 types of rickets
- Nutritional Rickets (due to deficiency of Vit D, calcium, and phosphorous)
- Vitamin D dependent rickets (due to defective metabolism of vitamin D)
- Vitamin D resistant rickets (hypophosphatemic rickets due renal phosphate wasting)
Pathophysiology
Physiology
Pathogenesis
Causes
- Causes of Nutritional Rickets
- Vitamin D deficeincy[2]
* Lack of supplementation for breast feeding infants * Darker skin color * poor sunlight exposure * Poor vit D intake of lactating mothers[3] * High latitude * full boding clothing * restricted intake
- Calcium Deficincy[4]
* poverty * malnutrition * intake of competing Oxalate and phosphate intake * extensive breast feeding without complementary calcium containing supplements(extensive breast feeding could be partially protective if no other calcium containing foods source available)[5]
Genetics
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
References
- ↑ Shore RM, Chesney RW (2013). "Rickets: Part I." Pediatr Radiol. 43 (2): 140–51. doi:10.1007/s00247-012-2532-x. PMID 23208530.
- ↑ Unuvar T, Buyukgebiz A (2010). "Nutritional rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children and adolescents". Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 7 (3): 283–91. PMID 20526242.
- ↑ Bodnar LM, Catov JM, Roberts JM, Simhan HN (2007) Prepregnancy obesity predicts poor vitamin D status in mothers and their neonates. J Nutr 137 (11):2437-42. DOI:10.1093/jn/137.11.2437 PMID: 17951482
- ↑ Pettifor JM (2014). "Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in children in developing countries". Ann Nutr Metab. 64 Suppl 2: 15–22. doi:10.1159/000365124. PMID 25341870.
- ↑ Munns CF, Shaw N, Kiely M, Specker BL, Thacher TD, Ozono K; et al. (2016). "Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 101 (2): 394–415. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2175. PMC 4880117. PMID 26745253.