COVID-19 Neurologic Complications

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Rinky Agnes Botleroo, M.B.B.S., Wajeeha Aiman, M.D.[2]

Complications in the Central Nervous System

Headache

• Pathophysiology
  • The exact pathogenesis of headache in COVID 19 patients is not fully understood.
  • It is thought that headache is the result of:
    • Cytokine release
      • There is higher concentration on IL-6 and INF-gamma in patients infected with SARS/ CoV2.
      • Cytokines can disrupt blood brain barrier and cause tissue injury and cerebral edema.
    • Direct invasion
    • Metabolic disturbances
    • Inflammation
    • Dehydration
    • Hypoxia

By Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Migraine.jpg

• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Treatment

Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Acute Encephalitis

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Viral Meningitis

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Epileptic Seizures

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Encephalopathy

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Complications in the Peripheral Nervous system

Guillain-Barre syndrome

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Anosmia

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Acute Myelitis

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Miller Fischer Sydrome

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Polyneuritis Cranialis

• Pathophysiology
• Natural history
• Sign and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Complications due to medication interaction

1. Statin induced myotoxicity

• Myalgia, myopathies, rhabdomyolysis

2. 2nd and 3rd degree atrioventricular block

• Lopinavir/ Ritonavir (Kaltera) (400 mg/100 mg)

3. Prolong QTc interval

• Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine

4. Myelotoxicity

• Ribavirin

5. Prolonged PR interval

• Atazanavir

6. Myelosuppression

7.